Peipiaosteus
| Peipiaosteus | ||||||||||||
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Yanosteus longidorsalis in the Toulouse Museum . |
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| Lower Cretaceous | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Peipiaosteus | ||||||||||||
| ( Liu & Zhou , 1965) | ||||||||||||
Peipiaosteus is a prehistoric genus of ray fins that are closely related to living sturgeon and paddlefish . The fossils were found in the Jiufotang Formation , Pani Lake, Liaoning , China , an early Cretaceous formation .
Occurrence
In the Jianshangou layers of the Yixian Formation in particular , the fish are among the most common fossils. The Jiufotang and Yixian formations are sub-units of the Jehol group in Liaoning Province and north of Hebei. The Jiufotang Formation is dated to 120.3 (± 0.7) million years (Aptian); the Yixian Formation is slightly older, around 125-121 million years old (Barremium - early Aptian).
The spoonbill Protopsephurus liui , fish of the genus Lycoptera and various species of birds ( Confuciornis , Liaoningornis ), feather-carrying dinosaurs ( Sinosauropterix , Beipiaosaurus ) and mammals ( Zhangheotherium , Jeholodens ) were also found at the same sites .
features
Peipiaosteus pani (Liu and Zhou, 1965) was first described from the Jiufotang Formation near Lake Pani in Liaoning. This sturgeon has a long, spindle-shaped body and a relatively short dorsal fin that attaches slightly in front of the anal fin. The body length is usually around 15 to 30 cm, but it can also reach 60 cm. The muzzle is not protruding, there are no teeth on the jaws, an operculum is present, scales are present along the midline, the pelvic fins are in front of the dorsal fin, the caudal fin is heterocercan, a dorsal-caudal joint and scales are not formed and on denticles are formed in the shoulder girdle .
Systematics
Suborder † Peipiaosteoidei Grande & Bemis 1996
- Family † Peipiaosteidae Liu & Zhou 1965
- Genus † Gualolepis Lopez-Arbarello, Rogers & Puerta 2006
- Subfamily † Spherosteinae Grande & Bemis 1996
- Genus † Sphenosteus Jakovlev 1968
- Genus † Yanosteus Jin et al. 1995
- Subfamily † Peipiaosteinae Liu & Zhou 1965
- Genus † Peipiaosteus Liu & Zhou 1965
- Genus † Stichopterus Reis 1909
Several types are described:
- Peipiaosteus fengningensis Bai Yongjun, 1983
- Peipiaosteus pani Liu & Zhou 1965 ( type species )
- Yanosteus longidorsalis
Individual evidence
- ↑ Jack Sepkoski: A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. In: Bulletins of American Paleontology. vol. 364, 2002: 560 [1] .
- ↑ Liu HT; Zhou, JJ: A new sturgeon from the Upper Jurassic of Liaoning, North China . In: Vertebr. PalAsiat. , 9, 3; 1965: 237-247. In Chinese with an English summary.
- ^ Peipiaosteus pani Liu and Zhou, 1965 , Steinkern.de.
- ↑ Liu & Zhou 1965: 241.
literature
- Liu, H., Zhou J .: A new Sturgeon from the Upper Jurassic of Liaoning, North China. In: Vertebrata PalAsiatica , Vol. 9, No. 3, 1965: 237 ff.
- Zhou, Z .: Review on Peipiaosteus based on new materials of P. pani. In: Vertebrata PalAsiatica , Vol. 30, No. 2, 1992: 85-101.
- Pei-ji Chen, Yuan Wang, Yuan-qing Wang, Mee-Mann Chang: The Jehol Fossils: The Emergence of Feathered Dinosaurs, Beaked Birds and Flowering Plants. Academic Press, 2011. ISBN 0080557880 , 9780080557885.
Web links
- Pictures of fossils at Steinkern.de (Thomas Bastelberger 2015)
- Entry of Peipiaosteus in the Paleobiology Database
- Images in the Encyclopedia of Life .