Perapohjola dialects

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Distribution area of ​​the Peräpohjola dialects (number 5)

The Peräpohjola dialects (fin. Peräpohjalaiset murteet ) form a group of dialects of the Finnish language . They are counted among the Western Finnish dialects, but, like the Central and North Eastern Scottish dialects , have influences from the Eastern Finnish dialects.

The language area of ​​these dialects essentially covers the area of ​​the Finnish province of Lapland . In addition, the Finnish-speaking areas in northern Sweden west of the border river Torne älv ( Swedish ), or Tornionjoki (fin.), As well as the dialects of the Finns in the northern Norwegian Finnmark (fin. Ruijan suomalaiset ) belong to this dialect area. In a detailed breakdown, these dialects can be divided into five subgroups.

Linguistic features

Some important features that distinguish the Peräpohjola dialects from other dialects, as well as the standard language, are:

  • A standard linguistic d which is the product of the step change to t represents (eg nominative singular vuosi with a 'Year' sound change * - ti > - si , see the. Partitive vuotta ~ genitive singular vuoden ; Nom Sg.. Pata 'pot' ~ Gen. Sg.padan ; infinitive soutaa 'rowing' ~ 1st person singular present tense soudan 'I rowing'), appears as j , v or as unusual as in the Eastern Finnish, as well as the Central and North Eastern Scottish dialects . This means that a standard-language vuoden appears as vuojen , a soudan as souvan , and a padan as paan .
  • Standard-language ts appears as tt , which is not subject to the level change, for example standard Finnish (std.-fin.) Metsä 'forest' ~ metsän 'des Waldes' corresponds to a mettä ~ mettän .
  • In the western part of this dialect area, initial consonant groups are possible, for example klasi 'glass' in contrast to the eastern or standard lasi .
  • It can shoot vowels occur to consonant clusters break. This is how std.-fin. vanha 'old' with dialectal vanaha , or std.-fin. him 'human' with ihiminen .
  • Standard language v can fall out before or after labial vowels, for example heonen instead of hevonen 'horse' or hyä instead of hyvä 'good'.

literature

  • Laila Lehikoinen: Suomea ennen nyt. Suomen kielen kehitys yes vaihtelu. Finn Lectura, Helsinki, 1994 [edition: Tammer-Paino Oy, Tampere, 2005], ISBN 951-8905-80-0