Peter of Danzig (1462)
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The Peter von Danzig , also Dat grote Kraweel , formerly called "Peter von La Rochelle", was the first large Kraweel in the Baltic Sea area at the time of the Hanseatic League in the 15th century.
Kraweel "Peter of La Rochelle"
A large French Kraweel from La Rochelle sailed for Danzig in 1462 with a landing in Baiensalz . At Pentecost, his mast was destroyed by a lightning strike at sea off Danzig. It came to the Motlau harbor in Gdańsk for repairs. The ship was called "Peter van Rosseel", "Sanctus Petrus de Rupella" or "dat grote schipp van Rossele". The owner of the ship was a La Rochelle merchant named Marcus Boeff. He had to leave Gdansk at short notice and authorized a Peter Byszert to handle the repairs to the ship. However, Byszert soon died and shortly before his death again appointed an agent for himself, a Peter de Nantes. He pledged the Kraweel for a considerable sum to the two Danzigers Roloff Veltstede and Jaspar Lange. This pledge was not recognized by Marcus Boeff after his return, especially since he was now the French King Louis XI. listed as owner. De Nantes had apparently embezzled part of the pledge and was thrown in prison. The matter now made great diplomatic waves. The Hansekontor in Bruges negotiated with the king's envoys, Lübeck was turned on and finally Danzig added the Polish king as their territorial lord. Danzig held back the ship, which was not overhauled over the next few years. In 1470, after 8 years, the ship had rotted in the Motlau and became a danger to the port. However, it was not scrapped, but repaired and equipped by Gdansk, and in 1471 it ran for the first time as "Grotes Craveel" and "Peter von Danczk" under the command of Gdańsk councilor Berndt Pawest to Bruges in Flanders .
Kraweel "Peter of Danzig"
The cities of the Wendish and Prussian quarters had declared war on England under King Edward IV , because the latter increasingly curtailed their trade privileges. The Hanseatic -English War was waged as a pirate war and Pawest took action on the spot against obstacles to the Hanseatic trade by the French and English. In 1472 the citizens of Danzig Johann Sidinghusen, Tideman Valandt and Reinhold Niederhoff bought the ship from the city. From 1473 onwards, Captain Paul Beneke successfully carried out several pirate voyages against England, which was already weakened by the Wars of the Roses . Off the English coast, Beneke captured the British ship St. Thomas, which was loaded with particularly valuable cargo . The prize was £ 60,000, an unheard-of amount for the time. Under the protection of the Archbishop of Bremen Heinrich II. Count von Schwarzburg , the prize was divided between the shipowners and the crew. The loot also included the triptych “ The Last Judgment ” by Hans Memling , which was commissioned by the Medici . Reinhold Niederhoff donated it to St. Mary's Church in Gdansk, although the legitimate Florentine owners tried to return it. This eased diplomatic entanglements that led to the Pope's threat of excommunication .
The naval war between the Hanseatic League and England ended with the Peace of Utrecht (1474) .
In 1478 Peter von Danzig was shipwrecked and scrapped.
The Gdansk shipbuilding professor Otto Lienau carried out a reconstruction of the ship based on the sources in 1942.
The booty of Peter of Danzig
Hans Memling: The Last Judgment, Altar in Danzig
Individual evidence
- ↑ Theodor Hirsch / FA Vossberg (ed.), Caspar Weinreich's Danziger Chronik, (Unchanged new edition of the edition of 1855), Vaduz 1973 = 1855, p. 1
- ↑ References: Hansisches Urkundenbuch 9, Nr. 95, 122, 123, 127, 262, 263, 294, 296, 297, 307, 313, 314, 330, 449 and HUB 10, Nr. 703, 385.
- ↑ Caspar Weinreich's Danziger Chronik, p. 6
- ↑ Caspar Weinreich's Danziger Chronik, Supplement II, p. 102ff, esp. No. 12, 13 (p. 111–113)
See also
Web links
literature
- Jochen Brennecke: History of Shipping. 2nd Edition. Künzelsau 1986, ISBN 3-89393-176-7 , p. 62.
- Karl-Heinz Ludwig, Volker Schmidtchen: Metals and Power. 1000 to 1600. Propylaen Ullstein, Berlin, Frankfurt am Main 1992, ISBN 3-549-05227-8 ( Propylaea history of technology. Volume 2. Ed. Wolfgang König).
- Beata Możejko: Peter of Danzig. The Story of a Great Caravel, 1462-1475 , Leiden: Brill 2020 (The northern world; 86), ISBN 978-90-04-35810-2 .
- Carl Crome-Schwienening: The Peter of Danzig. Kasemann, Danzig, 1923.
- Caspar Weinreich's Danzig Chronicle: a contribution to the history of Danzig, the lands of Prussia and Poland, the Hansabund and the Nordic empires. Stargardt, Berlin 1855.