Pepper clams

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Pepper clams
Little pepper clam (Abra alba)

Little pepper clam ( Abra alba )

Systematics
Subclass : Heterodonta
Euheterodonta
Superordinate : Imparidentia
Order : Cardiida
Superfamily : Tellinoidea
Family : Pepper clams
Scientific name
Semelidae
Stoliczka , 1870

The pepper shells (Semelidae) are a family of shells from the order Cardiida . The oldest members of the family come from the Thanetium ( Palaeogen ).

features

The small to medium-sized, single-sided housings are circular, ovoid to rounded-triangular. They are unequal, the opisthogyric vertebrae sit behind the center line (based on the length of the case). There is an external and internal ligament . The internal ligament sits in a sunken resilifer (pit), the outer one is small and sits behind the vertebra. The lock has one to two cardinal teeth per flap, and two lateral teeth each. The surface line is deeply indented.

The shells are thin to thick-walled. Larger species have a strong surface sculpture with concentric ridges and radial ribs. Smaller species are smooth or slightly sculpted with concentric, fine strips of growth.

Geographical distribution and habitat

The species of the family occur predominantly in warm and tropical seas, a few species also occur in arctic and temperate latitudes.

The species prefer rather muddy-silty soft soils.

Taxonomy

Ferdinand Stoliczka introduced the taxon as the subfamily Semelinae (the Scrobiculariidae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1856) in the literature. The MolluscaBase lists it as a valid family group taxon. According to MolluscaBase, the family currently (2016) contains the following genera:

supporting documents

literature

  • S. Peter Dance, Rudo von Cosel (arrangement of the German edition): The great book of sea shells. 304 p., Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 1977 ISBN 3-8001-7000-0 (p. 262)
  • Markus Huber: Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. 901 p., 1 CD-ROM, Hackenheim, ConchBooks, 2010 (p. 697)
  • Rudolf Kilias: Lexicon marine mussels and snails. 2nd edition, 340 p., Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1997 ISBN 3-8001-7332-8 (p. 283)
  • Raymond Cecil Moore (Ed.): Treatise on invertebrate paleontology. Part N. Mollusca, 6, Bivalvia 2. XXXVIII, pp. N490-N951., New York, 1969 (pp. N636).
  • Guido Poppe and Yoshihiro Goto: European Seashells Volume 2 (Scaphopoda, Bivalvia, Cephalopoda) . 221 pp., Verlag Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden 1993 (2000 unc. Reprint), ISBN 3925919104 (p. 116)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Yasuo Kondo and Shin-ichi Sano: Origination of extant heteroconch families: Ecological and environmental patterns in post-Paleozoic bivalve diversification. Palaeontological Research, 13: 39-44, Tokyo 2009 doi : 10.2517 / 1342-8144-13.1.039 .
  2. ^ Ferdinand Stoliczka: The Pelecypoda, with a review of all known genera of this class, fossil and recent. In: Paleontologia Indica, Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India. 3, SI-XXII, 1-537, Pl. 1-50, Calcutta 1870-1871 (p. 1-22, Pl. 1-12: 1870, pp. I-XXII, 223-537, Pl. 23-50 : 1871) Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (pp. 106, 108)
  3. ↑ a b MolluscaBase: Semelidae Stoliczka, 1870 (1825) .

Web links

Commons : Pepper Clams (Semelidae)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files