Philidor Defense

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The basic position of the Philidor defense after 2.… d7 – d6

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The Philidor defense is an opening of the chess game . It is an open game and begins with moves 1. e2 – e4 e7 – e5 2. Ng1 – f3 d7 – d6 . The Philidor defense develops from the king knight game .

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The namesake François-André Danican Philidor viewed this defense strategy as the best against the king knight game. Philidor also suggested that Black should start a counterattack on the next move by moving the pawn to f5.

After the usual continuation of 3. d2 – d4 , however, 3.… f7 – f5 ?! according to Siegbert Tarrasch easily refuted, for example by

4. e4xf5

( Paul Keres thought 4. Bf1 – c4 was better. On 4.… f5xe4 the knight sacrifice 5. Nf3xe5 d6xe5 after 6. Qd1 – h5 + Ke8 – d7 7. Qh5 – f5 + Kd7 – c6 8. Qf5xe5 drives the black king out into the open Keres also reported 4. d4xe5 f5xe4 5. Nf3 – g5 d6 – d5 6. e5 – e6 Bf8 – c5 7. Nb1 – c3! 7. Ng5 – f7 finds the answer Qd8 – f6 8. Dd1 – d2 Bc8xe6 9 . Nf7xh8 Ng8 – h6 10. Nb1 – c3 Nh6 – g4)

e5-e4 5. Nf3-g5 Bc8xf5 6. Nb1-c3 Ng8-f6 7. f2-f3 d6-d5

(7.… Qd8 – e7 8. f3xe4 Bf5xe4 9. Ng5xe4 Nf6xe4 10. Bf1 – b5 + c6 11. 0–0!)

8. f3xe4 Bf5xe4

(8.… d5xe4? 9. Bf1 – c4)

9. Nc3xe4 Nf6xe4 10. Ng5xe4 d5xe4 11. Qd1 – h5 + g7 – g6 12. Qh5 – e5 + Ke8 – d7 13. g2 – g3!

(13. Qe5xh8 ?? Bf8 – b4 +!)

Kd7-c8 14. Bf1-h3 + Sb8-d7 15. Bc1-g5

with great advantage for white. Therefore the variant with an early f7 – f5 has disappeared from practice.

3. d2 – d4 Bc8 – g4 ?! happened in the famous role of Morphy - Karl von Braunschweig and Count Isoard, Paris 1858 .

Healthier responses to 3. d2 – d4 are 3.… e5xd4, which slightly weakens Black's center influence, or 3.… Nb8 – d7, suggested by the American master Hanham to support the center pawn e5.

To improve the Hanham structure, 3.… Ng8 – f6 is drawn, only to move after 4. Nb1 – c3 Nb8 – d7. According to Jörg Hickl , the variant after 4. d4xe5 d6xe5 (4.… Nf6xe4 5. Qd4-d5! Ne4-c5 6. Bc1-g5 Bf8-e7 7. e5xd6 Qd8xd6 8. Nb1-c3) 5. Qd1xd8 + Ke8xd8 is balanced, there the black constriction is dissolved. Black normally builds up with Be6, Bd6, Ke7, h6, a6, Nc6 and can then attack the queenside with Rhb8 (the d-file is blocked by the bishop). The double pawn after 6. Bf1 – c4 Bc8 – e6 7. Bc4xe6 f7xe6 controls important squares in the center that the white knight could otherwise occupy.

3. d2 – d4 e5xd4 4. Nf3xd4 Ng8 – f6 5. Nb1 – c3 Bf8 – e7 is the Antoschin variant. One motive for Black after his brief castling is to put pressure on e4 with Rf8 – e8 and Be7 – f8. After 6. Bc1 – f4 0–0 7. Qd1 – d2 c7 – c6 8. 0–0–0 b7 – b5 the d-pawn may be sacrificed in order to outstrip Whites in development and to attack with heterogeneous castling start.

3.… e5xd4 4. Qd1xd4 after Nb8 – c6 5. Bf1 – b5 leads to the Steinitz defense of the Spanish game . This happened, for example, in Adams - Torre, New Orleans in 1920 .

The Philidor Defense is rarely played these days. One of their greatest experts are the German Grand Master Thomas Luther and the International Master Christian Seel . Among the world's best, the 2005 European champion Liviu-Dieter Nisipeanu occasionally makes use of this opening.

Opening traps and short games

Some well-known short games have developed from the Philidor defense. The best-known motif is the “Matt des Légal” or sea ​​cadet matt . Further short games, all based on the diagram above:

Leonhardt - NN (1912)

Paul Saladin Leonhardt played a subtle trap with a woman's win in Hamburg in 1912 against an unknown person.

3. d2 – d4 Nb8 – d7 4. Bf1 – c4 c7 – c6 5. Nf3 – g5 Ng8 – h6 6. a2 – a4 !? The white text train prepares a skilful female catch. Bf8 – e7 ?? (This natural-looking development move immediately loses! 6.… e5xd4 is better here) 7. Bc4xf7 +! Nh6xf7 8. Ng5 – e6 Qd8 – b6 9. a4 – a5! The prepared pawn move now shows its objective. Qb6 – b4 + 10. c2 – c3 Qb4 – c4 11. Ne6 – c7 + The intermediate check saves the knight and takes the last escape square from the black queen. Ke8 – d8 12. b2 – b3 with queen win; Black gave up.

Mlotowski - Deacon (1913)

The following mate idea comes from the blind game between Mlotowski and Deacon. It was played in Philadelphia in 1913 .

3. d2 – d4 f7 – f5? (3.… Bc8 – g4 ?! happened in Paul Morphy's opera role .) 4. d4xe5 f5xe4 5. Nf3 – g5 d6 – d5 6. Nb1 – c3 Bf8 – b4 7. e5 – e6! Bb4xc3 +? 8. b2xc3 Ng8 – h6 9. Qd1 – h5 + Ke8 – f8 10. Bc1 – a3 + Kf8 – g8 11. Qh5 – f7 + Nh6xf7 12. e6xf7 #

Rodzinsky - Alekhine (1913)

The opening trap comes from a game between Rodzinski and the later world chess champion Alexander Alekhine , played in Paris in 1913 :

3. Bf1 – c4 Nb8 – c6 4. c2 – c3 Bc8 – g4 Here Alekhine already initiated the mate trap, he left his queenside unprotected, Rodzinski accepted. As a result, the white king stayed in the middle, which led to a quick mate. 5. Qd1 – b3 ?! (Better possibly 5. h3) 5.… Qd8 – d7 6. Nf3 – g5 Ng8 – h6 7. Bc4xf7 + Nh6xf7 8. Ng5xf7 Qd7xf7 9. Qb3xb7 Ke8 – d7 10. Qb7xa8 Qf7 – c4! 11. f2 – f3 Bg4xf3! 12. g2xf3 Nc6 – d4! 13. d2 – d3 Qc4xd3! 14. c3xd4 Bf8 – e7! 15. Qa8xh8 Be7 – h4 #

Amber - Tartakower (1937)

A nice trap, played in 1937 in Paris between Ossip Bernstein and Savielly Tartakower .

3. d2 – d4 Ng8 – f6 4. d4xe5 Nf6xe4 5. Bf1 – c4 ( 5. Qd5! Nc5 6. Bg5 Be7 7. exd6 Qxd6 8. Nc3 is considered best for White today ) Bc8 – e6 ( With this move Tartakower left 5.… c6 is recommended, but Tartakower set a trap ) 6. Bc4xe6 f7xe6 7. Qd1 – e2 d6 – d5 8. Qe2 – b5 + Nb8 – c6 9. Nf3 – d4 Qd8 – d7 10. Qb5xb7 Bf8 –B4 + !! 11. c2 – c3 Nc6xd4 !! 12. Qb7xa8 + Ke8 – e7 13. Qa8xh8 Qd7 – b5! 14. Qh8xg7 + Ke7 – e8 15. Qg7 – g4 Qb5 – d3 16. Bc1 – d2 Nd4 – c2 + 17. Ke1 – d1 Ne4xf2 + with queen loss; Bernstein gave up.

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