Pleiotropy

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Pleiotropy (from ancient Greek πλείων pleíōn , German 'more' and ancient Greek τροπή tropē , German 'turn, change, change' ) or polyphenia (from ancient Greek πολυφανής polyphanēs , German 'multiple appearing' ) is a term used in genetics . This is understood to mean the expression of several phenotypic characteristics that are caused by a single gene . The counterpart to this is polygeny .

As an antagonistic pleiotropy , pleiotropy plays a central role in today's understanding of the aging process . The pleiotropic effects of defective genes also play a role in many hereditary diseases. In pharmacology , pleiotropy describes multiple effects of an active ingredient . Pleiotropic effects of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (lipid lowering) relate in addition to the cholesterol lowering for example the endothelial function , the inflammatory response and blood coagulation .

Polyphenia can pose a problem in the production of genetically modified organisms , because a foreign gene can, under certain circumstances, produce additional effects in the recipient organism in addition to the desired characteristic. In particular, genetic manipulation in higher organisms, whose genomes are organized in a very complex way, can result in unpredictable polyphenic effects.

literature

  • Jan Murken, Hartwig Clewe (Ed.): Human Genetics . Ferdinand Enke Verlag Stuttgart 1996, 6th edition, pp. 101-105. ISBN 3-432-88176-2
  • Pschyrembel, Clinical Dictionary, Verlag Walter de Gruyter, 61st edition, page 1510

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Wilhelm Pape , Max Sengebusch (arrangement): Concise dictionary of the Greek language . 3rd edition, 6th impression. Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig 1914 ( zeno.org [accessed December 5, 2019]).
  2. ^ Wilhelm Pape , Max Sengebusch (arrangement): Concise dictionary of the Greek language . 3rd edition, 6th impression. Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig 1914 ( zeno.org [accessed December 5, 2019]).
  3. ^ Wilhelm Pape , Max Sengebusch (arrangement): Concise dictionary of the Greek language . 3rd edition, 6th impression. Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig 1914 ( zeno.org [accessed December 5, 2019]).
  4. ^ Ulrich Weber: Biologie Oberstufe Complete Volume , Cornelsen Verlag 2001, ISBN 3-464-04279-0 , pages 152, 171.
  5. ↑ Gerd Kaiser, Eva Rosenfeld, Katharina Wetzel-Vandai: Bio and genetic technology - fields of application and economic perspectives. Campus Verlag 1997. ISBN 978-3593358741
  6. ↑ Gert Kaiser: Bio and genetic technology. Campus Verlag, 1997, ISBN 978-3-593-35874-1 , p. 71 ( limited preview in Google book search).