Podolica

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Podolica cow in a mixed herd

Podolica is an original land breed from Italy .

origin

Podolica is an old Landrace , which is still pretty close to their original race, the gray cattle of the eastern steppes (also see Podolisches beef ), which at the time of migration of peoples came to the west. It is named after the Ukrainian region of Podolia and is the starting breed of most Italian land races. A breeding association with a herdbook was founded in 1931. In the years that followed, bulls of the Romagnola , Maremma and Swiss Brown Swiss breeds were crossed, and after the Second World War bulls of the Chianina and Marchigiana breeds . In 1969 the National Association of Italian Beef Cattle Breeders (ANABIC) reintroduced a herd book for Podolica, which was revised in 1984. Recently, bulls of the Simmental Simmental Fleckvieh , Swiss Brown Swiss , Romagnola and Italian Holstein (Frisona italiana) breeds have been used for crossbreeding. However, the influence of crossbreeding seems to have been too small to change the genotype of the breed significantly. The way of keeping the Podolica as extensive grazing cattle all year round in dry, lean shrubland should also make it more difficult to enforce the genes of highly bred cattle breeds.

In 2002 there were 11,387 cows and 124 bulls in the herdbook. They can be found mainly in central and southern Italy ( Basilicata , Calabria , Campania , Puglia ).

description

Podolica cow

Adult Podolica are gray, the bulls black-gray and the cows white-gray. Calves up to about six months of age are light brown / wheat in color. The skin of the animals is dark; visible on the mucous membranes. The horns of bulls are crescent-shaped, those of cows are lyre-shaped. They are initially gray, from about two years of age they are yellowish-white with dark tips. With 70 cm to 1 m they are comparatively long. The head and neck are slightly shortened, the dewlap is pronounced, and in bulls also shoulder and neck muscles. The animals are long-legged, medium-sized and rather light. The average height at the withers is 128 cm in cows and 152 cm in bulls. The average weight of the cows is 400 kg, while the bulls reach around 700 kg.

properties

The Podolica were a classic three-purpose breed that was mainly used as a draft animal and also served as a supplier of milk and meat. This triple use has been retained, but has recently been reversed. The current breeding goal is that of an extensive beef cattle, whereby the meat is described as “tasty but fibrous and tough”. In addition, the Podolica serve as a milk supplier. The milk has a fat content of 4.5%, the protein content is 3.6%. The average milk production is only 1,300 kg per year, but the milk is described as extremely tasty ("... the incomparable milk of the Podolica cows"). Finally, it is still used as a draft animal, but is only of secondary importance. The strengths of this late-maturing breed also include its resilience and health.

Podolica are used as one of the starting breeds in the breeding of the Tauros cattle , a planned reproduction to back-breeding of the aurochs .

Web links

Commons : Aurochs-like cattle  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ^ A b c B. Moioli, F. Napolitano, G. Catillo: Genetic diversity between Piedmontese, Maremmana, and Podolica cattle breeds. In: The Journal of heredity. Volume 95, Number 3, 2004 May-Jun, pp. 250-256, PMID 15220392 . ( PDF , 106 kB).
  2. ↑ a b c d e EAAP - Animal Genetic Data Bank - Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover (TiHo): Breed description: Podolica ( archived version ) (accessed on March 13, 2013; English )
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Cattlenetwork.net: Podolica cattle (accessed on March 13, 2013; English )
  4. ^ A b c Associazione Nazionale Allevatori Bovini Italiani da Carne (ANABIC) : The Podolica Breed. (Accessed March 13, 2013; English )
  5. ↑ agraria.org - Istruzione agraria online: Atlante delle razze bovine - Razze da carne: Podolica. (Accessed March 13, 2013; Italian )
  6. ↑ For the pronounced neck muscles, compare the photos of Podolica bulls (website of the Asta Torelli di Razza Podolica) , in particular No. 20, the bull Umago (accessed on March 13, 2013)
  7. ^ Slow Food Foundation for Biodiversity: Podolica Cow. (Accessed March 13, 2013; English )
  8. ^ Italian Wikipedia: Podolica (razza_bovina) # Produzione alimentare , accessed on March 13, 2013.
  9. ^ "[...] the incomparable milk of the podolica race of cows" - Gillian Riley: The Oxford Companion to Italian Food. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007. p. 43. ( google-books ) (accessed on March 13, 2013; English )
  10. ↑ Internet presence of the Tauros Programma ( Memento of the original dated February 2, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ( Dutch ) or English version: The Tauros Program , see also the FlickR stream of the Tauros program . Retrieved March 13, 2013 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.stichtingtaurus.nl