Poeciliopsis
| Poeciliopsis | ||||||||||||
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Arizona Parrot ( Poeciliopsis occidentalis ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Poeciliopsis | ||||||||||||
| Regan , 1913 |
Poeciliopsis is a genus of viviparous toothcarps (Poeciliidae). The fish are found mainly on the Pacific side of Central and Northern South America. Their distribution area extends from the Mexican state of Sonora to Colombia . Almost in the entire distribution area of the genus, the Central American carpling ( Poeciliopsis turrubarensis ) occurs, which therefore has the largest natural north-south distribution of all viviparous toothcarps . One species is also found in the Gila River in Arizona. TheBritish ichthyologist Charles Tate Regan chose thename Poeciliopsis because of thesimilarityto Poecilia in the genus.
features
Poeciliopsis species reach lengths between 3 cm and 13 cm. They are more or less elongated fish of a brownish color, usually with a median stripe on the sides of the body, a horizontal stripe or with black dots. The sexual dimorphism in terms of coloring is low, but females are larger. Males have a very long gonopodium .
Way of life
Poeciliopsis species usually live in calmly flowing or stagnant waters. They are very salt-tolerant, also live in brackish water and have evidently spread across the sea in neighboring river systems. They feed on invertebrates and vegetable food. Knowledge of the way of life and ethology of the individual species is poor. In Poeciliopsis , several age groups of embryos often develop at the same time (superfetation).
Reproduction: gynogenesis and hybridogenesis
In some river systems in western Mexico there are unisexual forms, which arose naturally from crossings of different Poeciliopsis species and which only occur as females. They reproduce with males of different compatible species, from which, however, they do not take over any genetic material or only "borrow" it for one generation at a time. The former is known as gynogenesis , the latter as hybridogenesis . In all cases, Poeciliopsis monacha was the original maternal species. The gynogenetic forms are triploid ; H. they have three sets of chromosomes, which can be of two or three different species. In contrast, the hybridogenic forms are diploid and also show phenotypic features of the respective fathers, but eliminate their chromosomes before the egg cells are formed.
species
- Poeciliopsis baenschi
- Poeciliopsis balsas
- Poeciliopsis catemaco
- Poeciliopsis elongata
- Poeciliopsis fasciata
- Seitenfleckkärpfling ( Poeciliopsis gracilis Heckel 1848 )
- Poeciliopsis hnilickai
- Poeciliopsis infans Woolman, 1894
- Poeciliopsis jackschultzi Conway et al., 2019
- Poeciliopsis latidens Garman, 1895
- Poeciliopsis lucida Miller, 1960
- Black- mothed carp ( Poeciliopsis lutzi Meek, 1904 )
- Poeciliopsis maldonadoi Alvarez & Aguillar, 1957 (fossil species, possibly P. turrubarensis )
- Poeciliopsis monacha Miller, 1960
- Arizona Parrot ( Poeciliopsis occidentalis Baird & Girard, 1853 )
- Poeciliopsis paucimaculata Bussing, 1966
- Poeciliopsis pleurospilus Regan, 1913
- Poeciliopsis presidionis
- Poeciliopsis prolifica Miller, 1960
- Poeciliopsis retropinna Regan, 1908
- Poeciliopsis santaelena
- Poeciliopsis scarlli
- Poeciliopsis sonoriensis
- Poeciliopsis turneri Miller, 1975
- Central America carafe ( Poeciliopsis turrubarensis Meek, 1912 )
- Poeciliopsis viriosa Miller, 1960
literature
- Günther Sterba (Ed.), Gert Brückner: Encyclopedia of Aquaristics and Special Ichthyology. Neumann-Neudamm, Melsungen u. a. 1978, ISBN 3-7888-0252-9 .
- Helmut Stallknecht : Live-bearing toothcarps . Neumann Verlag, 1989, ISBN 3-7402-0055-3 .
- Dieter Gentzsch: Poeciliopsis. In: Claus Schaefer, Torsten Schröer (Hrsg.): The large lexicon of aquaristics. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8001-7497-9 , pp. 795-799.
Web links
- Poeciliopsis on Fishbase.org (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ JM Quattro, JC Avise, RC Vrijenhoek: Molecular evidence for multiple origins of hybridogenetic fish clones (Poeciliidae: Poeciliopsis). In: Genetics. Volume 127, Number 2, February 1991, pp. 391-398, ISSN 0016-6731 . PMID 2004710 . PMC 1204366 (free full text)
- ↑ M. Mateos, RC Vrijenhoek: Independent origins of allotriploidy in the fish genus Poeciliopsis . In: Journal of Heredity , Volume 96, pp. 32-39 (2005).
- ↑ Michael C. Cimino: Egg-production, polyploidization and evolution in a diploid all-female fish of the genus Poeciliopsis. In: evolution. Volume 26, 1972, pp. 294-306. ( PDF )
- ^ Dieter Gentzsch: Poeciliopsis. 2004, p. 796.
- ↑ Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes .