Polari
| Polari | ||
|---|---|---|
|
Spoken in |
United Kingdom | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639 -1 |
- |
|
| ISO 639 -2 |
mis (non-coded languages) |
|
| ISO 639-3 |
pld |
|
Polari (also: Palari, Palarie, Parlare, Parlary, Parlyaree , from Italian parlare ' to speak') is an argot , a sociolect among theater and circus people in Great Britain , which was also used in the gay scene from the 1930s to the 1970s has been. The origin is unclear, the roots can be traced back to the 19th century, some trace the origins back to the 16th century as the language of sailors and seafarers. Known he was in the 1960s by the BBC - Radio Program Round the Horne , where he of the Camp -Charakteren Julian and Sandy was used.
Polari is made up of various language influences, including Romani (language of the Roma), Italian , English , Cockney with "Rhyming slang", "Back slang" (phonetically spoken backwards), sailor slang and theater language, the grammar being based on English. Influences from Yiddish and from troops from the United States stationed in England during World War II were later added. It was a constantly evolving language with a basic vocabulary of 20 words and over 500 other, not so well known words.
The language was used by homosexuals in order to be able to communicate undetected to outsiders. Some terms have been included in the mainstream - slang found. When the total ban on homosexuality fell in 1967, its use decreased. Today it is threatened with extinction. For example, "Look at the great gay man with his pretty face and his fantastic hairstyle!" Would sound something like this in Polari, which is understandable for the initiated: "Vada that bona omi-paloni with his dolly eek and fantabulosa riah!"
literature
- E. Partridge: Polari: A Cinderella Among Languages . In: Here, There, and Everywhere: Essays Upon Language . Hamish Hamilton, London 1950 (English).
- Ian Hancock: Shelta and Polari . In: Peter Trudgill (Ed.): Language in the British Isles . Cambridge UP, 1984, pp. 384-403 (English).
- LJ Cox, RJ Fay: Gayspeak, the Linguistic Fringe: Bona Polari, Camp, Queerspeak and Beyond . In: Stephen Whittle (Ed.): The Margins of the City: Gay Men's Urban Lives . Ashgate Publishing, 1994, p. 103-127 (English).
- I. Lucas: The Color of His Eyes: Polari and the Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence . In: A. Livia, K. Hall (Eds.): Queerly Phrased . Oxford Studies in Sociolinguistics, Oxford 1997, pp. 85-94 (English).
- JP Baker, J. Stanley: Speaking Gay Secrets . In: Hello Sailor! Gay Life for Seafaring Men 1945–1990 . Pearson, London 2002 (English).
- Paul Baker: Polari - The Lost Language of Gay Men . Routledge, 2002, ISBN 0-415-26180-5 (English).
Web links
- Brief description in English with examples
- How bona to Vada your eek! - A gay way of speaking
- The secret language of polari - National Museums Liverpool
- Putting on the dish - short film in Polari
Individual evidence
- ^ M. Paul Lewis (ed.): Polari , in: Ethnologue: Languages of the World , 16th Edition, SIL International, Dallas (Texas), 2009, online version
- ↑ Jonny Payne: Gay language Polari at risk of dying out ( Memento of the original from December 14, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , PinkPaper.com, December 10, 2010
