Polar image

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Under Polar recording or Polarpunkt receiving means the determination of the position of object points ( new points ) by directional and distance measurement . It is the most common method used in technical surveying or setting out .

For this purpose, horizontal and vertical directions and distances are measured. The common measuring instrument for this purpose is a theodolite or an electronic total station that can measure the distances electronically . Usually the distances are measured at an angle and reduced to the horizontal plane with the vertical angles (zenith distance) . The total station realizes a local polar coordinate system with its origin in the instrument center. In order to establish the reference to the superordinate coordinate system of the measurement, the position and orientation must be determined.

In the simplest case, the device is set up at a known position. The orientation can then be determined by measuring the direction to one or more also known connection points.

In the case of the free choice of position , which is more widely used in practice, the position of the instrument can be freely selected (good visibility of the terrain). The position coordinates and the orientation are determined by measuring directions and distances to at least two points known in terms of coordinates ( coordinate transformation ).

In the case of polar staking out, the desired Cartesian coordinates must first be converted into polar coordinates based on the position of the measuring device.

To ensure accurate measurement results, the following points should be observed:

  • The distances to the pick-up points should not be greater than the distances to the connection points.
  • All measurements should be carried out in a controlled manner:
    • More connection measurements than at least necessary should be carried out.
    • The stationing is to be determined at the beginning and at the end of the measurement.
    • Pick-up points should

See also