Polikarpov IL-400

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Polikarpow IL-400 (I-1)
Polikarpov I-1
Type: Fighter plane
Manufacturer:

Soviet Union 1923Soviet Union Soviet Union

First flight:

August 15, 1923

Commissioning:

1924

Production time:

1923-1925

Number of pieces:

18th

The Polikarpov IL-400 ( russian Поликарпов ИЛ-400 , later Polikarpov I-1 ) was the first series cantilever as one- fighter aircraft of the Soviet Union .

development

Nikolai Polikarpow developed this type along with I. M. Kostkin and A. A. Popov in 1922. As drive an American served Liberty L -400 -Triebwerk from which together with the name of a fighter ( I strebitel , Russian Истребитель ) the symbol IL-400 derived. The first flight took place on August 15, 1923, but ended in a crash after 21 seconds due to the center of gravity shifted too far back, with the test pilot Konstantin Arzeulow being seriously injured. After extensive wind tunnel tests in the ZAGI , the slightly modified IL-400B was created , which flew for the first time on July 18, 1924. The state flight tests of the two built two prototypes (designation for No. 2 was IL-2 ) lasted until October 15 of the same year and showed good performance. The series production of 33 aircraft was then ordered. When driving the meantime as served M-5 replica Liberty -Motor. Therefore, the machines were also produced under the designation I-1-M5 , but later the abbreviation I-1 was simply used. Production ended after 18 copies, however, as the aircraft was very complicated to fly. It had a strong tendency to tip over and was difficult to get out of a tailspin . In the end, it was simply classified as dangerous and extradition to the air force was prohibited.

technical description

The Il-400 was a cantilever low- wing aircraft made entirely of wood. The front fuselage with a square cross-section was paneled with plywood, the rear part of the fuselage and the supporting structure were covered with fabric; on the I-1, however, the ribs were made of smooth aluminum and the outer skin of corrugated aluminum - similar to the corrugated iron aircraft built by Junkers . The tail unit was of normal construction and was also self-supporting. The aircraft had a rigid main landing gear with a continuous axle and a grinding spur on the tail.

Technical specifications

Parameter Data
span 10.80 m
length 8.20 m
height 1.60 m
Wing area 20.0 m²
Empty mass 1112 kg
Takeoff mass 1530 kg
Wing loading 76.5 kg / m²
Power load 3.83 kg / hp
Engine a 12-cylinder V-engine M-5
power 294 kW (400 hp)
Top speed 264 km / h
Landing speed about 100 km / h
Flight duration 2.5 h
Rise time 1.9 min at 1,000 m altitude
4 min at 2,000 m altitude
6.5 min at 3,000 m altitude
Summit height 6750 m
Range 650 km
Armament two 7.7 mm Vickers machine guns

literature

  • Vadim B. Schawrow : On the history of Soviet aircraft construction. Trial constructions 1923 to 1925 . In: Aviator Calendar of the GDR 1977 . Military Publishing House, Berlin 1976, p. 169-172 .
  • Wilfried Copenhagen : Soviet fighters . Transpress, Berlin 1985, p. 98/99 .
  • Heinz A. F. Schmidt: Historical Aircraft I . Transpress, Berlin, p. 157 .
  • Heinz A. F. Schmidt: Soviet planes . Transpress, Berlin, p. 79 .

Web links

Commons : Polikarpov I-1  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Aerosport . No. 3 , 1964, pp. 104 .