Upholstery saxifrage
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| Upholstery saxifrage | ||||||||||||
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Padded saxifrage ( Saxifraga cespitosa ) on Svalbard |
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| Saxifraga cespitosa | ||||||||||||
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The cushion saxifrage ( Saxifraga cespitosa L. ; Syn .: Saxifraga groenlandica L. ) belongs to the genus saxifrage ( Saxifraga ) and to the family Saxifragaceae (Saxifragaceae).
Description and ecology
The upholstered saxifrage is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of between two and ten centimeters. They are clump-forming and form cushion / carpet-like plant stocks. The flowering shoots are densely covered with leaves, with flowerless runners having fewer leaves and smaller leaves.
The approximately one centimeter wide corolla is composed of five-white, more rarely blue-red to red-violet petals that are approximately five to ten millimeters long. The five sepals are hairy, the ten stamens and the anthers are blue in color. The gynoeceum at the base is synkarp (fused leaves) with two styluses and two scars . There is a flower at the end of the flower stalk. The wintering leaves are arranged in four rows opposite each other. They are usually lobed in three parts, rarely simple or five-lobed. They are wedge-shaped, with a distinct broad stalk and with blunt or slightly pointed lobes. The leaves are densely covered with short glands. The fruit consists of a two-part capsule . The cushion stone breaker is self-pollinating .
The flowering period lasts from May to July.
The species has chromosome numbers 2n = 78 or 80.
Occurrence
The upholstered saxifrage has a circumpolar distribution area in the northern hemisphere . It is common in the Canadian Arctic (including Baffin Island , Ellesmere Island ), Alaska , Greenland , Iceland , Svalbard and Severnaya Zemlya . The species occurs outside of the polar regions in the boreal zone and the alpine altitude range in mountains in Europe and North America. In Europe you can find them in Iceland, Spitsbergen, in Scandinavia, northern Russia but also in northern Great Britain.
It is known that the upholstered saxifrage (similar to the Alpine poppy ) probably survived in peripheral glacial refuge outside the icy areas and immigrated to the Alps. Cliff walls, areas exposed to the wind, permafrost soils , crevices in the rock, gravel areas and mountain heaths come into question as growth sites .
Systematics
In addition to the species described, there are presumably some varieties, which, however, are poorly described and identified morphologically :
- Saxifraga cespitosa subsp. cespitosa
- Saxifraga cespitosa subsp. exaratoides (Simmons) Engler & Irmsch.
- Saxifraga cespitosa subsp. monticola (Small) AE Porsild
- Saxifraga cespitosa subsp. uniflora (R. Br.) AE Porsild
literature
- David Allardice Webb: Saxifraga L. In: Thomas Gaskell Tutin u. a .: Flora Europaea . 2nd Edition, Volume 1, Pages 437-458, Cambridge University Press 1993, ISBN 0-521-41007-X .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Exkursionsflora von Deutschland . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. tape 5 : Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants . Springer, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 , pp. 345 .
- ↑ a b Polstersteinbrech. Saxifraga cespitosa . In: NatureGate. LuontoPortti / NatureGate, accessed January 19, 2012 .
- ↑ Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen, Raino Lampinen, Arto Kurtto: Atlas florae europaeae . Volume 12 (Resedaceae to Platanaceae). Page 188, Helsinki 1999, ISBN 951-9108-12-2 .
- ↑ a b Saxifraga cespitosa. Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. In: SG Aiken, MJ Dallwitz, LL Consaul, CL McJannet, LJ Gillespie, RL Boles, GW Argus, JM Gillett, PJ Scott, R. Elven, MC LeBlanc, AK Brysting and H. Solstad. Memorial University St. John's , accessed January 20, 2012 .
- ↑ a b Saxifraga cespitosa. In: Panarctic Flora Vascular Plants. Naturhistorisk Museum , accessed on January 20, 2012 (English).
- ↑ Wolfgang Frey and Rainer Lösch: Textbook of Geobotany: Plant and Vegetation in Space and Time . 3. Edition. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, 2010, ISBN 3-8274-1193-9 , p. 156 .