Poronia erici
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Poronia erici on donkey dung, dune at the apple stream, Graefenhausen (Weiterstadt) |
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| Poronia erici | ||||||||||||
| Lohmeyer & Benkert |
Poronia erici , sometimes also called large-pore pore disk in German, is a dung-colonizing fungus from the family of wooden club relatives .
features
Macroscopic features
Poronia erici forms bowl-shaped or top-shaped fruiting bodies on the manure of various mammals, which have a diameter of 1.5–6 mm. They have a short stalk that can be up to 6, rarely up to 20 mm long, especially if the manure is sunk into the herbaceous layer or into the ground. The outside is black-brown, tinged gray-brown when it is dry. It is rough, sometimes a little longitudinally wrinkled and sometimes with a branch. The base of the stem and the surrounding substrate are usually covered by a brown colored mycelium . The upper side is concave when young, but soon spread out flat and contains 1–10, sometimes up to 20 sunken perithecia , which make the upper side appear dotted.
Microscopic features
The cylindrical asci , slightly narrowed at the base like a stalk, have a strongly amyloid funnel-shaped apical apparatus , each have eight ascospores and are 160–220 (up to 320) × 20–40 (up to 50) µm in size. The ascospores are arranged in one to two rows, are elongated-ellipsoidal, sometimes also spindle-shaped. They reach a size of 25–33 × 14–20 µm. They are black when ripe and contain many small droplets. The numerous cylindrical paraphyses are hyaline and septate and become 2–6 µm wide.
Similar species
Outwardly, Poronia erici can hardly be distinguished from Poronia punctata , which also occurs in Europe , which is somewhat larger, but can only be distinguished microscopically, since Poronia erici has significantly larger spores. Poronia erici has kidney-shaped spores 25–28 × 6–10 µm in size. It was still widespread in the 19th century, but is now very rare. The third hole disc described in Europe, Poronia oedipus , can be distinguished by its long stem and its disc, which is black with age. It is extremely rare in Europe and seems to be more common in Central America and the southern United States.
Distribution and ecology
Poronia erici was originally only described as a colonist of rabbit dung and, as an exception, sheep dung near the coast. However, it also seems to occur on horse and donkey dung and also in areas remote from the coast. He is known from Europe (Great Britain, the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, also central Spain, Denmark). It also seems to occur increasingly in Australia, where it lives on the dung of various marsupials (kangaroos, wallabies). There is speculation about the introduction of Poronia erici from Australia to Europe.
Systematics
Poronia erici was first described by Lohmeyer & Benkert in 1988. The type locality is the island of Hiddensee . The relatively late first description is due to a strong similarity with Poronia punctata .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ 123 Mushroom Forum. Retrieved May 8, 2016 .
- ↑ a b c d e Till R. Lohmeyer, Dieter Benkert: Poronia erici - a new kind of Xylariales (Ascomycetes) . In: Journal of Mycology . tape 54 , no. 1 , 1988, p. 93-102 ( online , PDF).
- ↑ a b c Brian Spooner: Fungal Portraits No 48: Poronia erici . In: Field mycology . tape 12 , no. 4 , 2011, p. 111–112 , doi : 10.1016 / j.fldmyc.2011.09.002 ( online [PDF]).
- ↑ Svengunnar Ryman & Ingmar Holmåsen: Mushrooms . Bernhard Thalacker Verlag, Braunschweig 1992, p. 673, ISBN 3-8781-5043-1
- ↑ GBIF portal. Retrieved May 8, 2016 .