Post-Kyoto process

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The post-Kyoto process is the name given to the international negotiation process on climate protection policy that began in the mid-2000s and aimed at a legally binding regulation on the reduction of greenhouse gases going beyond 2012 . The first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol expired in 2012 . In 2011, the post-Kyoto process resulted in a resolution on the Doha amendments and a second commitment period from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2020, which, however, had not yet been accepted by a sufficient number of countries by the beginning of February 2020.

From the beginning of the 2010s, negotiations began on a climate protection agreement that will come into force in 2020 (including a post-2020 agreement ). In 2015, the UN climate conference in Paris 2015 decided to limit global warming to well below 2 ° C compared to pre-industrial times; The aim is to limit the temperature rise to 1.5 ° C.

Negotiations until 2010

In the mid-2000s, with the entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol and its first commitment period from 2008–2012, negotiations began on the international climate protection regime and a second commitment period after 2012. It was promoted primarily at the annual UN climate conferences , which also took place at the Meet the signatory states of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change as well as members of the aforementioned Kyoto Protocol.

A roadmap was adopted in Bali in 2007 . At the UN climate conference in Copenhagen in December 2009, only a minimal consensus without binding CO 2 reduction targets could be found (“ Copenhagen Accord ”), in which the so-called two-degree target was recognized. At the UN climate conference in Cancun , Mexico at the end of 2010 , no agreement was reached on a comprehensive agreement. Japan rejected any extension of the Kyoto Protocol.

Second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol until 2020

At the UN climate conference in Durban in 2011 it was decided that the Kyoto Protocol should initially be extended with a second commitment period; In addition, the UN climate conference in Doha in 2012 set the specific duration until the end of 2020 and specific reduction targets for individual countries. The Doha amendments and with them the second commitment period come into force 90 days after they have been accepted by 144 member states of the Kyoto Protocol. By February 8, 2020, 135 countries and the European Union had done so.

Paris Agreement from 2020

2015, all 195 Member States agreed on the 21 UN Climate Change Conference in Paris in the Paris Convention global warming out to well below 2 ° C - preferably below 1.5 ° C - limit. For this purpose, a large number of states submitted plans, so-called Intended Nationally Determined Contributions , or INDCs for short, which list promised national climate protection measures. However, these plans by the individual states are insufficient to achieve the two-degree target. If the states merely fulfill these commitments, there will be global warming of 2.6 to 3.1 ° C by 2100 and a further increase in temperature after 2100. In order to comply with the two-degree limit, a subsequent tightening of the commitments or an overachievement of the goals is imperative. In order to limit the earth's temperature to a certain level, the greenhouse gas emissions have to be reduced to zero, since only a limited carbon budget is available for a certain temperature that can be emitted.

The negotiations on the Paris Agreement are also delimited from the post-Kyoto and post-2012 processes using the term post-2020 .

literature

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Georg Simonis: Handbook on Global Climate Policy . Schöningh, 2017, ISBN 978-3-8252-8672-9 , 7.2.10 Phase IV: Negotiations for a post-Kyoto agreement - 7.2.13 The post-2012 process from the perspective of norm theory.
  2. ↑ Cancún climate change summit: Japan refuses to extend Kyoto protocol Talks threatened with breakdown after forthright Japanese refusal to extend Kyoto emissions commitments John Vidal in the Guardian December 1, 2010
  3. ↑ UNFCCC (ed.): Decisions adopted by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol: Decision 1 / CMP . 8 . February 28, 2013 ( unfccc.int [PDF; 731 kB ; accessed on March 14, 2017]).
  4. ↑ Frequently asked questions relating to the Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol: 2. What is required for the Doha Amendment to enter into force? UNFCCC, accessed March 14, 2017 .
  5. ^ The Doha Amendment. In: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Retrieved November 18, 2019 .
  6. ↑ Chapter XXVII - Environment - 7. c Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol. In: United Nations Treary Collections. October 22, 2019, accessed February 9, 2020 .
  7. ↑ Joeri Rogelj et al .: Paris Agreement climate proposals need a boost to keep warming well below 2 ° C . In: Nature . tape 534 , 2016, p. 631–639 , doi : 10.1038 / nature18307 .