Postal connection Braunschweig - Leipzig
In Brunswick-Lüneburg (at the time still a different area than the later Kingdom of Hanover ) are Franz Otto and his successor Henry the Young King erected in 1569 own items. In 1576, Duke Julius ordered mail from Wolfenbüttel (the residence at that time) via Halberstadt, Aschersleben, Könnern and Halle. From Halle one had a connection to the Saxon post office to Leipzig and Dresden.
The postage, together with the other expenses, cost 2 ducats from Hamburg to Braunschweig (5 guilders or 3 Reichstaler 8 groschen). From Braunschweig to Leipzig about 1½ Louisd'or (13½ guilders or 9 Reichstaler). Via Magdeburg, with the ordinary post office 12 Reichstaler or Louisd'or, but without postillion money and other expenses. But you arrive at your destination a few days earlier.
The upper post office in Leipzig decided at the beginning of the 18th century to connect Hamburg , at that time the main storage area for goods, and the Nordic states with Braunschweig , Nuremberg , Regensburg and all of southern Germany through its posts . An appointment was made with Braunschweig or Hanover , through whose country the post was supposed to go, to set up a driving post. In 1718, the “Yellow Carriages” began to travel to and from Braunschweig via Hesse (border), Blankenburg , Hasselfelde (from here, the one with this Nuremberg carriage), further on to Leipzig via Stolberg, Querfurt and Merseburg. In Braunschweig one had a connection to the ducal “kitchen mail”. At the same time a postal route was set up from Leipzig via Kassel and Münster to Holland. Councilor Paul Vermehren took over the administration of the whole postal system. In 1721 he carried out the geometrical measurement of the postal routes.
Prussia now feared for its postage share. Because through Prussia there was already a connection between Hamburg-Magdeburg and southern Germany (also via the Elbe shipping). On December 5, 1737, the Hamburg moving mail was extended from Osterode via Scharzfeld to Nordhausen, to connect to the passing yellow coach (freight mail) between Braunschweig and Leipzig. Its purpose was to attract freight from Saxony to Lüneburg and Hamburg, thereby affecting that yellow coach. Braunschweig then referred to the yellow coach ("Kutsche" was flattered because, unlike real coaches , these wagons were not yet sprung) as a Saxon wage wagon that was built at the request of the Leipzig merchants. This untruth had to be withdrawn in 1737, when Prussia demanded the dissolution, "because it is contrary to postal law to allow private haulage to the detriment of another state". Now the yellow coach was considered a ducal post. As far as Stollberg, the conductors wore stately postal clothing. After the merger of the Hanoverian and Braunschweigische Küchenpost in 1738, it was operated as a Societätspost between Leipzig and Hamburg, with Braunschweig as the center of the course.
In a treaty of 1750 the route was confirmed. The postman (conductor, Schirrmeister) was paid from the Braunschweiger to Stollberg, from the Saxon post office from Stollberg. Both upper postal authorities undertook to transport all letters and parcels from Saxony, Bohemia and Austria, as well as from Hamburg, Lübeck, Bremen, Hanover and Braunschweig and the places on the way exclusively with this route.
The fare for a passenger was 5 groschen or 22½ cruisers per mile. For a money package with 100 Talers Current for 3 miles 2 groschen, for every 3 miles 1 groschen, from 15 miles every 3 miles more. At 30 miles 12 groschen or 54 cruisers. You paid half for gold and jewels. For merchants' goods one paid fifty pounds, for six miles 14 gr. (1 bottle 3 kr.), On 21 miles 2 thalers. (3 bottles 36 kr.), For 30 miles 3 thalers. 5 gr. (5 bottles 37½ kr.); one hundred pounds to six miles 1 thunder. (1 lFl. 48Kr.), On 21 st 3 Thlr. 6 Gr., On 30 M. 5 Thlr. 4 gr. (9 bottles 18 kr.). An extra mail horse cost 8 groschen per mile, an Estafette per mile 12 groschen (54 Kreuzer) including the expedition fees.
As far as the traffic routes are concerned, one cannot assume that there are paved roads. In 1802, in the Duchy of Braunschweig, only the 4 miles from Braunschweig via Wolfenbüttel to behind Hessen were developed as a road. There has not yet been such an expansion towards Hamburg.
Mention should be made of the “Neue Straße” from Wolfenbüttel to the Harz Mountains. It led via Harzburg to Brockenkrug, via Oderbrück and Königskrug to Braunlage , one to Saxony, the other to Nordhausen (Nuremberg route). Since 1748 the driver Seidensticker from Northeim made his way to avoid the Prussian customs of 2 Reichstalers per hundredweight of freight. After the road was built, the Prussian customs duty fell to 8 Gutegroschen. This road, which was repaired as good as possible between 1755 and 1758, has only been open to traffic in summer since then. In winter only exceptionally if the cargo consisted of goods that were not allowed to be transported through Prussia, such as B. Saxon porcelain or silk stockings.
After the liberation war of 1815, the yellow coach drove through Prussia until shortly before Leipzig. Their journey no longer went via Stolberg, but from Blankenburg via Hasselfelde to Nordhausen, where it unites with the Cours Cassel-Leipzig. The post used to be in six horses, has been in four since 1819, consisted of a completely covered wagon, and arrived in Braunschweig for the "Chur- und Fürstlich Braunschweigische Communions-Post" to leave for Hamburg. The Brunswick post office in Hamburg was closed in 1835.
See also
literature
- Henri Bade: 333 years of the Braunschweigische Post, 1535 - 1867 . Karl Pfankuch & CO, Braunschweig, 1960.
- Wilhelm Heinrich Matthias: " About Post and Post-Shelf " 1st volume, self-published, Berlin, Posen, Bromberg, commissioned by Ernst Siegfried Mittler, 1832
Individual evidence
- ^ The most distinguished European journeys of 1792
- ↑ Johann Ludwig Klüber: “The postal system in Teutschland as it was, is, and could be” - 1811
- ↑ Wilhelm Heinrich Matthias: “About post and post-regale” - 1832 - Hanover established its own post office in Nordhausen in 1745
- ↑ Johann Christian Stübner: “ Memories of the Principality of Blankenburg and the same incorporated Walkenried Abbey ” Volume 2, Wernigerode 1790