Angola presidential election in 1992
The presidential election in Angola in 1992 and the parliamentary elections held at the same time were the first multi-party elections in Angola since independence in 1975. The main opponents were José Eduardo dos Santos from the Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola (MPLA) and Jonas Savimbi from the União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola (UNITA) the opponents of the civil war, which had only recently ended by the Bicesse Agreement . Dos Santos, the candidate of the ruling MPLA party, received an official result of 49% in the first round of elections and was clearly ahead of Jonas Savimbi from UNITA. As a result, the election did not, as hoped, seal the peace that had just been concluded, but ushered in a new bloody round in the civil war in Angola .
The election should be held as a two-round election, ie since no candidate obtained a majority in the first round, a second round would have been necessary between the two candidates with the most votes. However, this second ballot never took place.
There are different versions of the other events:
- Version 1: Savimbi spoke of electoral fraud after the first round and refused to take part in the second round.
- Version 2: Savimbi spoke of electoral fraud, but sent his deputy chief Jeremias Chitunda to Luanda to negotiate the modalities of a second round. The electoral process only ended for good when government forces and civilians armed by the police began attacking UNITA supporters in Luanda, killing hundreds in systematic raids .
- Version 3: The election observers of the United Nations Angola Verification Mission II found the elections "free and fair". UNITA nevertheless withdrew its soldiers from the newly formed joint army of the two civil war parties before further investigation into the electoral process, and conflicts began between MPLA and UNITA supporters. The murder of numerous UNITA supporters in Luanda only followed later, when the violence escalated after the murder of a UNITA representative.
It is undisputed that the civil war flared up again and claimed 120,000 lives in the following 18 months.
Results
| Results of the 1992 parliamentary elections | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Candidate - Nominating Party | be right | % | |
| José Eduardo dos Santos - MPLA (Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola) | 1,953,335 | 49.57 | |
| Jonas Malheiro Savimbi - UNITA (União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola) | 1,579,298 | 40.07 | |
| Antonio Alberto Neto - Partido Democrático Angolano | 85.249 | 2.16 | |
| Holden Roberto - FNLA (Frente Nacional de Libertação de Angola) | 83.135 | 2.11 | |
| Daniel Chipenda - Partido Liberal Democrático | 20,646 | 0.52 | |
| Others (including Chipenda) | 239.866 | 6.09 | |
| Total | 3,940,883 | 100.00 | |
| Source: African Elections Database | |||
swell
- ↑ [1] and [2]
- ^ Rothchild, Donald S., Managing Ethnic Conflict in Africa: Pressures and Incentives for Cooperation, 1997. Page 134.
- ↑ en: Angolan Civil War # Bicesse Accords
- ↑ - ( Memento of the original from September 2, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
