Proprioception

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perception
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sense, strength sense, sense of
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Proprioception (from Latin proprius 'own' and recipere ' to take in' ) describes the perception of one's own body according to its position in space, the positions of the head, torso and limbs to each other as well as their changes as movements together with the feeling for heaviness, tension, strength and Speed. It is a matter of a personal feeling.

Definition of terms

Proprioception (sometimes proprioception called) not part of the perception of the outside world, the Exterozeption . Proprioception encompasses those sensations that enable a living being to perceive the body according to its position, position and movement in space and time, and is a personal sensation. It is differentiated from visceroception as those sensations that enable a perception of internal organs contained in the body and their activity. Proprioception and visceroception can be summarized under the generic term interoception .

physiology

Different senses are related to each other for the perception of one's own body according to position, posture, position, tension and movement. In addition to signals from the sensory cells of the skin ( sense of touch ) and the vestibular organs ( sense of balance ) these are mainly those of receptor cells of proprioception , which therefore proprioceptors are called. These are mechanoreceptors which, as sensitive end organs in muscles, tendons and joints, respond to the state and changes in the state of the movement and holding apparatus (e.g. muscle spindles , Golgi tendon organs , joint sensors ).

Proprioceptive nerve pathways and core areas

The main field of the sensory cortex is the posterior central turn, which receives its impulses via the fibers from the trigeminal nerve and from the ascending posterior cord tract . The somatotopic structure of the close proximity of the posterior and anterior central turn in a certain way repeats the blueprint of the spinal cord (ascending posterior cord tracts and mixed, partly ascending and descending anterior tract tracts ). By stimulating sensitive body regions, the corresponding motor regions, including their thalamic nuclei , are kept ready. This enables the body to react more easily with appropriate movements.

Certain afferent fibers that pull the precentral gyrus (areas 4 and 6 ) also apparently serve to process proprioceptive sensations, which are the prerequisite for any regulated motor function. They come from the cerebellum .

Proprioceptive fibers emanating from bones, vessels and visceral organs such as the heart and intestines first move to the hypothalamus . There they are coupled with the impulses of the hormonal system and put directly into the service of the regulation of the vegetative and animal body functions.

Different characteristics of proprioception

In 2015, Jia Han and co-authors calculated the relationship between top performance and the degree of proprioception (measured in perception tests for angular positions of joints ) for the sports of rhythmic gymnastics, swimming, dance, badminton and football . To this end, they compared 25 non-athletes with 25 regionally, nationally and internationally successful athletes. They found that 30% of the differences in performance could be explained with the greatest statistical probability by the different degrees of proprioception (p <0.001). The proprioceptions at the different joints did not correlate, but were independent variables. Thus there is no general proprioception, only one that is specific to the joint. Since there was no connection to the age of training and the degree of proprioception, the different quality of proprioception can be considered a talent criterion.

In rare cases, people can lose the ability to proprioception. This can partly be compensated by the sense of sight. In 2019, five cases were known worldwide.

Movies

  • Our secret 6th sense , Arte documentation by Vincent Amouroux (F 2019, 53 Min)

literature

Web links

Wiktionary: Proprioception  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
Wikibooks: Elementary knowledge of medical psychology and medical sociology  - learning and teaching materials

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Christopher D. Moyes, Patricia M. Schulte (Ed.): Tierphysiologie. Pearson studies, Munich a. a. 2008, ISBN 978-3-8273-7270-3 , p. 294 ff.
  2. ^ Kurt Buser, Thomas Schneller, Klaus Wildgrube: Medical Psychology, Medical Sociology. Short textbook for the subject catalog. Urban & Fischer, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-437-43211-8 , p. 93.
  3. ↑ Norbert Boss (Ed.): Roche Lexicon Medicine. 2nd, revised edition. Hoffmann-La Roche & Urban & Schwarzenberg, Munich a. a. 1991, ISBN 3-541-13191-8 , p. 1404.
  4. ↑ R. Schmidt et al.: Neuro- and sensory physiology. Springer, 2006, ISBN 3-540-25700-4 , p. 215 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  5. ↑ Alfred Benninghoff among other things: Textbook of human anatomy. Shown with preference given to functional relationships. Volume 3: Nervous System, Skin and Sensory Organs. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Munich 1964, chap. The body feeling path (the somatic projection, the visceral projection) pp. 242–246.
  6. ↑ Jia Han, Gordon Waddington et al .: Level of competitive success achieved by elite athletes and multi-joint proprioceptive ability. In: Journal of Science & Medicine in Sport. Volume 18, No. 1, January 2015, pp. 77-81 (English; doi: 10.1016 / j.jsams.2013.11.013 ).
  7. ^ Arnd Krüger : Talent Criteria. In: competitive sport. Volume 45, 2015, pp. 5 and 41 ff.
  8. ↑ Vincent Amouroux: Our Secret 6th Sense. Documentation. ARTE F, France 2019 ( arte media library, available until July 7, 2020 ).
    Video from ARTEde: Our secret 6th sense on YouTube, May 10, 2020, accessed on May 12, 2020 (52:02 minutes).