Push-pull perfusion

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The push-pull perfusion is a method of Pharmacology and neurology for the measurement of neurotransmitters in vivo .

principle

Push-pull perfusion uses flow rates between 10 nanoliters per minute and 10 microliters per minute. The tissue can be damaged at high flow rates . Gaddum's push-pull perfusion uses a microcapillary to add cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with additional stimuli or inhibitors and another one arranged in parallel to remove CSF with the neurotransmitters released after the addition. More modern push-pull capillaries are double-walled with separate inlet through the inner microcapillary and outlet through the outer microcapillary. Since less volume is recovered than is added, low flow rates are used to avoid a local increase in pressure in the tissue. The microcapillaries for push-pull perfusion are usually made of metal with 0.8 mm outer diameter and 0.5 mm inner diameter of the outer cannula and 0.2 mm outer diameter and 0.1 mm inner diameter of the inner microcapillary. For low flow rates of 10–50 nL / min. Smaller diameters are sometimes used, 0.1 mm outside diameter and 0.04 mm inside diameter of the inner microcapillary in a 26-gauge cannula with 0.45 mm outside diameter. Compared to microdialysis , push-pull perfusion produces slightly less cell death (33% or 25% dead cells) in the perfusion area and has better spatial accuracy.

history

Push-pull perfusion was published by John Gaddum in 1961 . It replaced the cortical cup method. From the 1980s onwards, microdialysis was increasingly used, which is less invasive in comparison . From 2002, more gentle push-pull probes with low flow rates were developed using microfluidics .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c D. E. Cepeda, L. Hains, D. Li, J. Bull, SI Lentz, RT Kennedy: Experimental evaluation and computational modeling of tissue damage from low-flow push-pull perfusion sampling in vivo. In: Journal of neuroscience methods. Volume 242, March 2015, pp. 97-105, doi : 10.1016 / j.jneumeth.2015.01.019 , PMID 25614385 , PMC 4331210 (free full text).
  2. ^ A b R. D. Myers, A. Adell, MF Lankford: Simultaneous comparison of cerebral dialysis and push-pull perfusion in the brain of rats: a critical review. In: Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews. Volume 22, Number 3, May 1998, pp. 371-387, PMID 9579326 .
  3. ↑ a b Athineos Philippu : In Vivo Neuropharmacology and Neurophysiology , Chapter 1, Springer, ISBN 9781493964888 . P. 5.
  4. ^ MM Kraus, A. Philippu: Use of Push-Pull Superfusion Technique for Identifying Neurotransmitters Involved in Brain Functions: Achievements and Perspectives. In: Current neuropharmacology. Volume 13, Number 6, 2015, pp. 819-829, PMID 26630960 , PMC 4759321 (free full text).
  5. ^ JH Gaddum: Push-pull cannulae. In: J Physiol (Lond) (1961) Volume 155, Issue 1-2.
  6. ↑ S. Kottegoda, I. Shaik, SA Shippy: demonstration of low flow push-pull perfusion. In: Journal of neuroscience methods. Volume 121, Number 1, November 2002, pp. 93-101, PMID 12393165 .