Quatmannsburg
| Quatmannsburg | ||
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 Entrance to the Quatmannsburg |
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| Castle type : | Hilltop castle | |
| Conservation status: | Burgstall, ramparts | |
| Place: | Elsten, Cappeln | |
| Geographical location | 52 ° 46 '46.5 " N , 8 ° 2' 36.3" E | |
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The Quatmannsburg is an early- to late medieval hill fort in the district Elsten the community Cappeln (Oldenburg) in Lower Saxony district Cloppenburg . The name Quatmannsburg goes back to the current property owners. The original name was simply "Burg". The entire complex is protected as a ground monument. It is located in the conservation area Calhorner Mühlebach.
location
The Quatmannsburg lies on a broad tongue of the Geest , around which the Calhorner Mühlenbach flows to the west and north. The main part of the castle is formed by a circular rampart 90 to 100 m in diameter. This wall is up to 2.0 m high and up to 22 m wide. The original entrance was in the northwest. There and in the north, two annex walls create the connection to the brook valley.
A ditch about 10.0 m wide and 0.5 m deep lies in front of the annex ramparts and the castle ramparts in the south and east. To the north and west of the main wall, there is no trench protected by the annex walls. An arched outer wall with a length of 600 m with a ditch runs 50 to 150 m from the main castle. Between 1903 and 1905 it was largely leveled.
history
Written documents about the time and the background to the development of the Quatmannsburg are not known, and systematic excavations have not yet taken place. In more or less accidental excavations, a post pit was found at the gate of the main castle. Otherwise, pottery from the 11th and 12th centuries was found near the northern annex wall. Remains of a mill from around 1580 were found west of the castle 100 m north of the bridge over the brook valley.
The powerful noble families of the Middle Ages come into question as builders. B. the Counts of Ravensberg-Calvelage or their predecessors.
Function in the network of other ramparts
In the north German lowlands there are two types of early and high medieval castles, a larger and a smaller one. The smaller species is represented in almost twenty copies. According to Bernhard Uhl, the Quatmannsburg and the Hünenburg near Twistringen each protected the same traffic route, namely the Folkweg and its continuation to the west (the Reuterweg and the Herzog-Erich-Weg ), which connected the middle Ems with the middle Weser . However, this old street is not in the immediate vicinity of Quatmannsburg, but an old street that runs towards it and runs in a north-south direction and connects Warnstedt with Essen . The above-mentioned castles occupied the most important places around the Arkeburg , which was centrally located between them , and they resemble the waiting areas of the later Middle Ages, which the cities placed on the main roads at a considerable distance to protect themselves and their territory.
literature
- CL Niemann: The Oldenburg Münsterland in its historical development . Volume 1: Until 1520 AD Oldenburg: Schulzesche Hof bookstore and Hof book printing. Section The castle near Elsten . 1889, p. 10f. ( online )
Web links
- Entry by Frank Both on Quatmannsburg in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
- Quatmannsburg in the Lower Saxony Monument Atlas
Individual evidence
- ↑ Holger Brörkens, Katrin Harting, Layla Smorra: Village development plan of the municipality of Cappeln. (PDF) February 3, 2017, p. 144 , accessed October 5, 2018 .
- ^ Lower Saxony State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Archeology - Castle Research -: The Quatmannsburg near Elsten (Gde. Cappeln, Ldkr. Cloppenburg) . 2008
- ↑ O. Hagena: The Herzog-Erichsweg (with a map) . In: Yearbook for the history of the Duchy of Oldenburg . Volume 11, 1902, p. 95
- ^ Ernst Dünzelmann: The Roman road network in Germany . Yearbooks for Classical Philology . 1894, p. 135
- ^ Bernhard Uhl: Arkeburg and Sierhäuser Schanzen, two old fortifications of the Münsterland . In: Yearbook for the history of the Duchy of Oldenburg . 16, 1908. pp. 327-351.