Roman dialect
The Roman dialect ( Romanesco ) is the variant of the Italian language used in Rome .
Originally, this dialect was only spoken within the city limits of Rome, but has now also expanded to the suburbs.
Due to immigration from Tuscany , especially in the 16th century, the (today's) Roman dialect is more similar to Tuscan than that of the surrounding Lazio . Today's Italian is also derived from Tuscan, and therefore, despite certain differences, there are no major communication difficulties.
History and regional differences
The influence of Florence, founded as a Roman colony, on the language of the capital began as early as the fifth century, and was particularly strong in the 15th and 16th centuries (see the work of A. Esch and G. Ernst).
Standard Italian has also been heavily influenced by Florence (especially Dante Alighieri ).
Therefore there are great similarities here.
The other dialects of Latvia, however, are autochthonous; they are harder to understand for those who only speak standard Italian. They are related to Neapolitan .
In the 19th century, the Roman dialect achieved literary importance and national fame thanks to the poet Giuseppe Gioachino Belli , who wrote his works there.
Comparison with standard Italian
The Roman dialect, apart from a few individual lexemes , is relatively easy to understand for all Italians. The differences to standard Italian occur mainly in phonetics and less so in grammar .
The main regular differences in phonetics:
- the letter j is used instead of the Italian palatal liquida ‹gl› / ʎ / and implemented as a palatal approximand (like the German ‹j›). ( e.g .: famija instead of famiglia )
- the elimination of diphthongs ( e.g .: còre , bòno instead of cuore , buono )
- the omission of l in certain articles ( 'o,' a, 'e instead of lo, la, le; dô, dâ, â, ao instead of dello, della, alla, allo )
- the doubling of the occlusive ‹b› and ‹g› after the vowel ( e.g .: reggina / redʤina / instead of regina / reʤina /)
- The liquid change from l to r ( e.g .: artro instead of altro , ner instead of nel )
- The total assimilation of connections such as nd , ld , mb (e.g. monno instead of mondo , callo instead of caldo and entrammi instead of entrambi ).
In morphology , the differences are most apparent in conjugation , although these are basically phonological phenomena as well .
In the regular conjugation, in the example parlare / parlà 'speak', the 1st and 3rd person plural differ:
| Romanesco | Standard Italian | German |
|---|---|---|
| parlamo | parl i amo | We speak |
| parleno | parl a no | you speak |
Example sentences
- Stò à nnà ar cinema cò l'amici mia - sto andando al cinema con i miei amici 'I go to the cinema with my friends'
- Ma now č '' ō sapevi che sù fija n'è nnata à scola? - ma non lo sapevi che sua figlia non è andata a scuola? 'Didn't you know his daughter didn't go to school?'
- Aò, jeri me sò pijato 'na bira ar bare - ieri ho preso (pigliato) una birra al bar' yesterday I had a beer at the bar '
Literature in the Roman dialect
The most important work written in Romanesco are probably the Sonetti Romaneschi by the poet Giuseppe Gioachino Belli, a collection of over 2000 sonnets, some of which describe the meager life of the population in the Papal States in the 19th century with irony .
In the Novecento the poet Trilussa was the most important representative of the Roman dialect literature.
In the Italian translations of the Asterix comics, the Romans speak in the Roman dialect.
The book Mo je faccio er cucchiaio - Il mio calcio by the captain of AS Roma , Francesco Totti , has also achieved some fame, although it is largely written in standard Italian.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ A. ESCH: Florentine in Rome in 1400, sources and research from Italian archives and libraries. LII, 1972.
- ^ G. Ernst: The Tuscanization of the Roman dialect in the 15th and 16th centuries. Niemeyer, Tübingen 1970.
- ↑ Pietro Trifone: "Giuseppe Gioachino Belli," in Storia linguistica di Roma . Roma: Carocci 2008.