X-ray sign
X-ray signs , English radiological signs or signs in imaging are typical, sometimes pathognomonic deviations from the normal findings of an X-ray image (or in another imaging method ) that indicate a certain disease.
X-ray signs are a valuable aid and didactically useful in clinical diagnosis. Most x-ray signs are so typical that when combined with the clinical findings , they prove a diagnosis .
Examples
- (Aero) bronchopneumogram, positive : In an infiltrated lung (usually with pneumonia ), the air-filled bronchial tubes are dark on the chest x-ray on the infiltrated, light-colored lung.
- Cheerio sign : Computed tomography of the lungs shows a thickening of the wall of the bronchoalveolar system like the breakfast cereal " Cheerios " and is therefore called the Cheerio sign . The cause can be both malignant tumors and inflammatory diseases.
- Chilaiditi sign : The x-ray shows a part of the large intestine between the diaphragm and the liver. This can indicate a pathological Chilaiditi syndrome , but it can also be an incidental finding in 0.1–0.25% of all thorax overview images. Predisposing factors in this situation are a lack of falciform ligament or suspensor ligament of the transverse colon, chronic constipation or the patient being bedridden.
- Double-Bubble-Sign : In congenital duodenal atresia , the x-ray of the newborn shows two air bubbles in the upper abdomen : One in the stomach , the other in the duodenum , while the rest of the intestine is free of air.
- Fallen-Fragment-Sign : A fallen bone fragment within a bone cyst is an indication that it is a juvenile bone cyst .
- Fat-pad-sign ( fat pad sign ) : Presentation of anatomical fat deposits on joints as whitening strip. A displacement of the pad due to joint effusion indicates a fracture.
- Iris diaphragm phenomenon : The liver hemangioma shows a hyperdense enhancement from peripheral to central on CT when contrast agent is administered iv. On native CT the mass appears iso- or hypodense.
- Jet phenomenon : X-ray and ultrasound examinations show a thin jet of liquid behind a constriction; z. B. If the neck of the bladder is narrowed, the contrast agent injected into the urethra (retrograde urethrography ) generates a jet into the urinary bladder.
- Kerley lines are characteristic lines on an X-ray of the lungs that indicate heart failure.
- Basket handle phenomenon : in cystography, a handle-shaped elevation of the ureters opening into the urinary bladder when an enlarged prostate pushes the bladder base upwards.
- Metaphyseal edge chipping : Bone tears at the insertions of the joint capsules due to tensile and shear forces; in infants and toddlers indicative of child abuse .
- Pencil-in-cup sign : ("Pencil in the cup") A deformity of the finger joints typical of psoriatic arthritis .
- Scimitar sign : Smooth, curved contrast medium recess in angiography in cystic adventitic degeneration
- Silhouette phenomenon : Lung condensation that lies in front visually dissolves the heart contour, while infiltrates that lie behind make the heart contour clearly visible. In this way, a distinction can be made between middle lobe pneumonia (front) and lower lobe pneumonia (rear) even without a lateral image.
- Starry sky phenomenon : in sonography, countless hyperechoic dots in the testicle , caused by microcalcification of the testicular tissue (microlithiasis testis), possibly an expression of a tumor.
- Twinkle-Sign : For the detection of kidney stones . If a kidney stone is discovered during the sonography of the kidneys and the color Doppler is switched on , a "sparkling" artifact is created, the "Twinkle Sign".
- Vacuum phenomenon : gas visible on the X-ray in a defective intervertebral disc ; also by pulling on joints . Often observed in pediatric radiology when the chest is x-rayed in the hanging position.
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- Krug (Ed.): Thoraxdiagnostik . Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart 2004
- Voegeli: Practical Thoracic Radiology . 3. Edition. Hans Huber Verlag, Bern 1999
- Bücheler, Lackner, Thelen: Introduction to Radiology. Diagnostics and interventions. 11., completely redesigned. Edition. Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart 2005
- Radiologic Clinics of North America. Volume 40, Issue 2, Pages i-xii, Pages 167–394 (March 2002)
- R. Weissleder, MJ Rieumont, J. Wittenberg: Compendium of imaging diagnostics . S. 27. Springer-Verlag, 2013, ISBN 978-3709160695 .
- http://www.radquiz.com/msk-ucla.htm