Rüdiger Staubert

Rüdiger Paul Adolf Staubert (born March 25, 1939 in Burg near Magdeburg ) is a German astrophysicist.

Life

Staubert graduated from the Ratsgymnasium Osnabrück in 1959 . From the summer semester of 1959 he studied physics at the Universities of Marburg , Innsbruck (Austria) and Kiel . He received his physics diploma in 1965 and his doctorate in 1969, both at the University of Kiel. After a two-year postdoctoral stay at the NASA Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston, Texas , USA, he moved to the University of Tübingen as a research assistant at the end of 1971 , where he completed his habilitation in 1983 and was professor in 1985. From 1990 to 1995 he was the managing director of the Astronomical Institute of the University of Tübingen (AIT) and later the regular director of the Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IAAT) established in 1996. He has been officially retired since April 2004. Staubert is married to Ursula Staubert (née Will) and has two children.

Act

After his postdoctoral stay at NASA , where he learned the basics of balloon astronomy, Staubert became a scientific assistant to Joachim Trümper , who was appointed full professor and director of the Astronomical Institute of the University of Tübingen (AIT). The appointment was to begin with a new research field that did not previously exist in Germany - X-ray astronomy . In the USA, the Uhuru satellite had recently discovered many new X-ray sources in the energy range 2–6 keV . A first project was the start of a balloon program to investigate X-ray sources in the energy range 20–200 keV, which was supported by the German Research Association (DFG). This resulted in a 15-year program that was continued in cooperation with this institute after Trümper moved in 1975 to the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE) in Garching . Campaigns were carried out in the USA, Brazil and Australia under the direction of Staubert. The scientifically outstanding result was the discovery of cyclotron resonance in the spectrum of the X-ray double star pulsar Hercules X-1 at ∼37 keV: this is considered the first direct measurement of the extreme magnetic field strength of a neutron star (of some 10 ¹² Gauss). Today more than 40 X-ray sources are known that show a similar structure in the spectrum, which go back to resonant transitions between energy levels of electrons or protons in the strong magnetic fields of neutron stars.

After participating in rocket experiments (e.g. observing a moon occultation of the Crab Nebula ), the entry into satellite astronomy was achieved with participation in the ME experiment on the first European X-ray satellite EXOSAT and with the Mir-HEXE project where At the beginning of 1987 a Phoswich scintillation detector , as qualified by the balloon program, could be placed on the Kwant- 1 module (launched in Feb. 1987) at the Soviet Mir space station . Here the result was the discovery of hard X-rays from the supernova 1987A - historically the first measurement of high-energy X-rays from a supernova .

The development of the instrumentation from the balloons to the rockets to satellites led to the following additional project participation: Pre-development of the on-board computer for the PSPC detector on Rosat (start June 1990), as well as the development and provision of the digital data Processing electronics (DPE) for the pn-CCD detectors on ABRIXAS (start April 1999) and XMM-Newton (start December 1999), or for the IBIS experiment on INTEGRAL (start 2001). For the astrophysical work almost all available X-ray satellites were used (besides the balloon observations). 150 theses (33 of them doctoral theses) were supervised as part of these activities. The two most important employees were Eckhard Kendziorra (instrumentation) and Jörn Wilms (data analysis and astrophysics). Staubert used two free semesters for research stays abroad: 1996 at the University of California, San Diego, USA (UCSD) and 2000 at the University of Sydney, Australia.

Publications (selected)

• "The Crab Nebula - High energy X-ray observation of a lunar occultation"; Staubert, R .; Kendziorra, E .; Trümper, J .; Reppin, C .; Hoffman, YES; Pounds, KA; et al., 1975, Astrophysical Journal (Letters), 201, L15
• "Evidence for strong cyclotron line emission in the hard X-ray spectrum of Hercules X-1"; Trümper, J. Pietsch, W., Reppin, C., Voges, W., Staubert, R., Kendziorra, E., 1978, Astrophysical Journal (Letters), 219, L105
• "The hard X-ray spectrum of AM Herculis"; Staubert, R., Kendziorra, E., Pietsch, W., Reppin, C., Truemper, J., Voges, W., 1978, Astrophysical Journal (Letters), 225, L113
• "The high energy X-ray spectrum of 3C 273"; Bezler, M., Kendziorra, E., Staubert, R., Hasinger, G., Pietsch, W., Reppin, C., Trümper, J., Voges, W., 1984, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 136, 351
• “A ROSAT XUV Pointed Phase Source Catalog”; Kreysing, H.-C., Brunner, H., Staubert, R., 1995, Astronomy & Astrophysics Suppl., 114, 465
• "Vertical Structure and Spectrum of Accretion Disks in Active Galactic Nuclei"; Dörrer, T., Riffert, H., Ruder, H., Staubert, R., 1996, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 311, 69
• "Periodic changes of the accretion geometry in the nearly-synchronous polar RX J1940.1-1025"; Geckeler, RD and Staubert, R., 1997, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 325, 1070
• "The European Photon Imaging Camera on XMM-Newton: The pn-CCD camera"; Strüder, L .; … Kendziorra, E .; … Trümper, J .; … Staubert, R .; et al., 2001, Astronomy & Astrophysics (Letters), 375, L5
• "IBIS: The Imager on-board INTEGRAL"; Ubertini, P .; Lebrun, F .; Di Cocco, G .; Bazzano, A .; ... Staubert, R . ; et al., 2003, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 411, L131
• "Discovery of a flux-related change of the cyclotron line energy in Hercules X-1"; Staubert, R., Shakura, NI, Postnov, K., Wilms, J., Rothschild, RE, Klochkov, D., et al., 2007, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 465, L25
• "Long-term change in the cyclotron line energy in Hercules X-1"; Staubert, R., Klochkov, D., Wilms, J., Postnov, K., Shakura, NI, Rothschild, RE, et al., 2014, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 572, A119
• "Cyclotron lines in highly magnetized neutron stars"; Staubert, R .; Trümper, J .; Kendziorra, E .; Klochkov, D .; Postnov, K .; et al. 2019, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 622, A61
• For further technical articles see ADS

literature

• The Universe in X-rays, Eds. J. Trümper / G. Hasinger, Springer 2008, ISBN 978-3-662-51785-7 .
• Landoldt-Börnstein, New Series, Ed. in Chief: W. Martienssen, Group VI: Astronomy, Astrophysics, and Cosmology, Vol. 4a, Instruments and Methods, Ed. JE Trümper, Springer 2010, ISBN 978-3-540-70606-9 , p. 120: R. Staubert: X-ray and gamma-ray instruments
• X-ray astronomy in Germany: history of origins, institutionalization and instrumental developments. Doctoral thesis by Simone Jüngling, Kovač, Hamburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-8300-2977-9 .

Web links

• Works in the library of the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen
• Institute for Astronomy & Astrophysics Tübingen
• DFG GEPRIS
• Physics Tree - Ruediger Paul Staubert
• Prabook: Rüdiger Staubert, German astrophysicist educator

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Balloon HEXE , on www2011.mpe.mpg.de
2. ↑ Evidence for strong cyclotron line emission in the hard X-ray spectrum of Hercules X-1 , on adsabs.harvard.edu, accessed on May 23, 2019