Rajasthani
| Rajasthani | ||
|---|---|---|
|
Spoken in |
India ( Rajasthan region ) and adjacent parts of Pakistan | |
| speaker | 50 million | |
| Linguistic classification |
||
| Official status | ||
| Official language in | Rajasthan | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639 -1 |
- |
|
| ISO 639 -2 |
raj |
|
| ISO 639-3 |
raj |
|
Rajasthani ( Devanagari : राजस्थानी ) is a macro language or dialect group found in northern India , mainly Rajasthan , and parts of Pakistan with an estimated 50 million speakers.
Rajasthani is one of the Indo-Aryan languages . It is one of the numerous regional variants of Hindustani and is divided into several dialect groups:
Furthermore, two languages belong to Rajasthani, which are spoken by nomadic groups originally immigrated from Rajasthan in other parts of India: The Gojri in Jammu and Kashmir and the Lamani or Banjari in Telangana , Maharashtra and Karnataka .
Rajasthani is not very uniform and in public life it takes a back seat to the written version of Hindi , the official language of Rajasthan, with Rajasthani recently being recognized as the national language. The Rajasthani has a rich heroic poetry beginning around 1000 AD.
The literary language split off from the Gujarati in medieval times . In the past, the dialects of Rajasthani were considered to be a subset of Western Hindi (Kellogg, 1873). George Abraham Grierson summarized it for the first time in 1908 under the name Rajsthani. Rajasthani is currently considered a separate language by the Sahitya Akademi , the national literary association, and the University Grants Commission ; it has been an elective in schools in Rajasthan since 1973. Current dictionaries and grammars are currently being developed.
Rajasthani has a grammar very similar to Hindi. The primary sentence structure is: subject , object , verb . At the lexical level, it is 50 to 65 percent similar to Hindi, based on a comparison of the Swadesh 210-word list. Phonetic correspondences are in particular the / s / in Hindi with the / h / in Rajasthani. For example / sona / 'Gold' (Hindi) and / hono / 'Gold' (Marwari). / h / is sometimes looped, and there are also a number of vowel substitutions. Most pronouns and interrogative words are different from Hindi. The Hindi alphabet is divided into 'L' (ल) and 'LL' (ळ). For example, 'L' (ल) is pronounced like in 'Kal' (कल) and the accent in 'LL' (ळ) is pronounced like the English word hall (plow - हळ).
Web links
- Rajasthani-English dictionary
- Language tree Ethnologue.com
Individual evidence
- ↑ Colin P. Masica: The Indo-Aryan Languages, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991, p. 22.