Gonystyle

Gonystyle
	Gonystylus macrophyllus (Syn .: Gonystylus miquelianus ), illustration
Systematics
	Nuclear eudicotyledons
	Rosids
	Eurosiden II
Order :	Mallow-like (Malvales)
Family :	Daphne family (Thymelaeaceae)
Genre :	Gonystyle
Scientific name
	Gonystyle
	Teijsm. & Binn.

Wood of a gonystyle species

Gonystylus is a plant kind from the family of Thymelaeaceae (Thymelaeaceae). This genus contains about 30 species . Ramin is the trade name forsome typesof wood . For the Malaysian state of Sarawak , ramin wood is the most important export good. Some species are listed in CITES Appendix III and are protected with trade control in at least one country.

description

Gonystyle species grow as upright shrubs or medium-sized trees . The slow-growing trees reach heights of about 30 meters and trunk diameters of about 60 to 90 centimeters. The branch-free trunk length in fully grown trees is usually 18 meters. The leaves are alternate and arranged in two rows or almost opposite to each other on the branches. The leaf veins run more or less parallel.

The inflorescences are structured differently. There are bracts available. The hermaphrodite flowers are radially symmetrical and cup-shaped. There are four to five sepals available. The petals are reduced to a ring with scale-shaped appendages. There are 2 to 80 stamens with horseshoe-shaped anthers. The two to eight carpels have become a top permanent ovary grown. The fruits contain one to five seeds , which often have an aril .

Occurrence

The distribution area in southeast Asia is Indo malesia and includes Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei, the Philippines and Papua New Guinea. The highest number of species can be found on Borneo . The species is mainly found in wetlands.

Wood

Ramin wood is light, with a regular structure and a straight or slightly wavy grain. Freshly cut wood often has an unpleasant odor, but this has evaporated after the drying process . The strength of the wood is similar to that of beech . However, it splinters more easily and breaks faster if the load is too high. Ramin wood is used for furniture production and as joiner wood. A part is processed into profiled wood, handles, toys and other small workpieces. The wood develops an unpleasant odor again when it gets wet. It is therefore not suitable for objects that easily get wet.

The wood is porous. The heartwood and sapwood are yellow to light-colored. The bulk density is 0.55 to 0.57 g / cm³.

Systematics

The botanical generic name Gonystylus was published in 1862 by Johannes Elias Teijsmann & Simon Binnendijk in Botanische Zeitung, Berlin , 20 (32), p. 265. Type species is Gonystylus miquelianus Teijsm. & Binn. A synonym for Gonystylus Teijsm. & Binn. is Asclerum Tiegh. This genus was earlier also in its own family Gonystylaceae Tiegh. posed.

The following species belong to the genus Gonystylus (for species listed in the IUCN Red List, information on the degree of endangerment - Vulnerable means endangered):

Gonystylus acuminatus Airy Shaw : It occurs in Indonesia and Malaysia.
Gonystylus aerolatus Domke ex Airy Shaw : It occurs in Indonesia and Malaysia.
Gonystylus affinis Radlk. : It occurs in Malaysia, Kalimantan and Brunei .
Gonystylus augescens Ridl. : It occurs in Kalimantan and Sarawak .}
Gonystylus bancanus (Miq.) Short (Syn .: Gonystylus bancanus Gilg , Gonystylus warburgianus Gilg , Aquillaria bancana Miq. ): (Endangered). It occurs in Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei.
Gonystylus borneensis (Tiegh.) Gilg : It occurs in Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei.
Gonystylus brunnescens Airy Shaw : It occurs in Malaysia and Kalimantan .
Gonystylus calophylloides Airy Shaw : (Endangered). It occurs in Brunei and Sarawak.
Gonystylus calophyllus Gilg : It occurs in Sarawak .
Gonystylus confusus Airy Shaw : It occurs in Malaysia and Sumatra .
Gonystylus consanguineus Airy Shaw : (Endangered). It occurs in Malaysia and Indonesia.
Gonystylus costalis Airy Shaw : (Endangered). It occurs in Sarawak .
Gonystylus decipiens Airy Shaw : (Endangered). It occurs in Sarawak .
Gonystylus eximius Airy Shaw : It occurs in Sarawak .
Gonystylus forbesii Gilg : It occurs in Indonesia.
Gonystylus glaucescens Airy Shaw : (Endangered). It occurs in Kalimantan.
Gonystylus keithii Airy Shaw : (Endangered). It occurs in Malaysia, Indonesia and Brunei.
Gonystylus lucidulus Airy Shaw : (Endangered). It occurs in Brunei and Sarawak.
Gonystylus macrophyllus (Miq.) Airy Shaw (Syn .: Gonystylus miquelianus Teijsm. & Binn. , Aquilaria macrophylla Miq. ): (Endangered). It occurs in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Nicobar and Andaman Islands.
Gonystylus maingayi Hook.f. : It occurs in Malaysia, Brunei and Sumatra .
Gonystylus micranthus Airy Shaw : It occurs in Kalimantan and Sarawak.
Gonystylus nervosus Airy Shaw : (Endangered). It occurs in Sarawak .
Gonystylus nobilis Airy Shaw : It occurs in Sarawak .
Gonystylus othmanii Tawan :: It occurs in Sarawak .

Gonystylus pendulus Airy Shaw : (Endangered). It occurs in Sarawak .

Gonystylus reticulatus Merr. : It occurs in Mindanao .

Gonystylus spectabilis Airy Shaw : (Endangered). It occurs in Sarawak .

Gonystylus stenosepalus Airy Shaw : (Endangered). It occurs in Sarawak and Brunei.

Gonystylus velutinus Airy Shaw : It occurs in Brunei and Indonesia.

Gonystylus xylocarpus Airy Shaw : (Endangered). It occurs in Kalimantan and Sarawak.

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Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b data sheet for commercial timber from DELTA.
↑ ^a ^b Entry at eFloras.
↑ Andrew Duncan, Gwen Rigby: The Hobby Carpenters - Technique of Wood Processing , German edition in cooperation with the Ebern master school for the carpentry trade, Orbis Verlag, Munich 1984, ISBN 3-572-00763-1
^ Gonystylus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
↑ For Endangered Species, enter Gonystylus in the search mask at IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad Gonystylus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
↑ CSUPIAH Tawan: A new species of Gonystylus (Thymelaeaceae) from Sarawak, Borneo in Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , Volume 130, Number 1, 1999, pp. 65-68.

Web links

Commons : Gonystylus - collection of images, videos and audio files

Malaysia's forest management with reference to ramin (Gonystylus) (PDF)
Ramin (Gonystylus spp.) (Species portrait of WWF Germany ; PDF)

[DELTA-1] ta sheet for commercial timber from DELTA.

[eFlora-2] Entry at eFloras.

[3] Andrew Duncan, Gwen Rigby: The Hobby Carpenters - Technique of Wood Processing , German edition in cooperation with the Ebern master school for the carpentry trade, Orbis Verlag, Munich 1984, ISBN 3-572-00763-1

[4] Gonystylus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

[5] For Endangered Species, enter Gonystylus in the search mask at IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .

[GRIN-6] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad Gonystylus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved June 19, 2017.

[7] CSUPIAH Tawan: A new species of Gonystylus (Thymelaeaceae) from Sarawak, Borneo in Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , Volume 130, Number 1, 1999, pp. 65-68.