Raperîn

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Facade of the formerly red security building in Sulaimaniyya, in which opposition members from the Kurdish region were tortured and murdered by Baathists for decades

As a raperîn ( Kurdish ڒاپه‌ڒین 'Revolution' ) Kurds refer to the uprising in Iraq in 1991 . One consequence of this uprising was the de facto autonomy of the Kurds in northern Iraq and the creation of the Kurdish autonomous region .

prehistory

After the autonomy agreement between the Kurds under the leadership of Mustafa Barzani's Democratic Party of Kurdistan and the Iraqi state under Saddam Hussein was not accepted by Barzani's guerrillas in the 1970s, they suffered a heavy defeat by the Iraqi troops in 1975. The Patriotic Union of Kurdistan , whose general secretary was later President Jalal Talabani , split off from Barzani's KDP , and from 1984 onwards the armed struggle against the regime in Baghdad continued. During the First Gulf War between Iraq and Iran , the conflict between the Kurdish Peshmerga and the central government in Baghdad intensified, and clashes with both the KDP and the PUK increased again. The Kurdish fighters suffered repeated losses and in the long term could not record any notable gains in area against the then highly armed Iraqi military .

Kurdish offensive

Kurdish autonomous region from 1991

Shortly after the outbreak of the Second Gulf War, Kurdish members of the Iraqi armed forces deserted and, together with the Peshmerga of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan, liberated the city of Ranya from Baath rule on March 5 . Kurds within the Iraqi army had previously been asked via radio to leave the Iraqi army and join the Kurdish uprising. The civil population also responded to this call.

The Kurdish city of Sulaimaniyya was liberated by the Peshmerga on March 7th . Ba'ath Party members arrested; later tried and executed. Ordinary Iraqi soldiers were granted pardon and allowed to return home to the Arab region of Iraq. After these successes and the advance of the PUK towards Erbil , the rival Democratic Party of Kurdistan joined the uprising and freed the city of Dohuk together with Peshmerga from other Kurdish organizations . In a large-scale offensive, PUK troops began an attack on the oil-rich city of Kirkuk on March 20 . This city has a symbolic meaning for the Kurds as it is considered the actual Kurdish capital for the Kurds of Iraq. By the middle of the year almost all areas with a mainly Kurdish majority population in northern Iraq were under Kurdish control. In addition, the city of Mosul , which has a high proportion of Arabs , was also brought under the control of the Kurdish rebels. They regard Mosul as a historically Kurdish city.

However, the cities of Mosul and Kirkuk were recovered by Iraqi troops. The United States also distrusted the Kurdish opposition movement, as socialists and communists had also joined it. On the other hand, they feared that this could worsen the internal Iraqi Arab-Kurdish conflict.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cinur Ghaderi: Political Identity-Ethnicity-Gender: Self- Positioning of Politically Active Migrants . Springer-Verlag, 2014, ISBN 978-3-658-05297-3 , Kurdish people - geopolitical and identity-theoretic localization, p. 127 ff . ( google.com [accessed May 2, 2016]).
  2. ↑ hrw.org
  3. ↑ merip.org