Bilberry pots
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Wild berry moth ( Arichanna melanaria ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Arichanna melanaria | ||||||||||||
| ( Linnaeus , 1758) |
The noise Beer tensioner ( Arichanna melanaria ), also noise Berry Fleckenspanner or arichanna melanaria , swamp blueberry tensioner or spotted arichanna melanaria called, is a butterfly ( moth ) from the family of the tensioner (Geometridae).
features
The moths reach a wingspan of 36 to 41 millimeters (36 to 39 millimeters). The forewings are of a whitish, sometimes dirty light gray color with several transverse bands dissolved into many small black to brown spots. At the f. hanseni Hedemann, 1881 all four wings are drowned out in brown. The drawing is more contrasting in the males of the wild berry moth than in the female. The hind wings are light yellow in the females, in the males bright yellow with a few black spots. The male moths have double-combed antennae .
The caterpillars are smooth, yellowish in color and have several wavy, black longitudinal lines that are thicker on the sides. There are also several orange-yellow spots on the side. The doll is brown-yellow and has a conical cremaster with two thorns.
Similar species
The species is actually unmistakable in Europe. There is still a certain similarity to the gooseberry spider ( Abraxas grossulariata ). This has significantly fewer and larger spots as well as a pure white basic color of all wings.
Geographical distribution and habitat
The wild berry moth occurs mainly in central, northern and eastern Europe, for example from the Alps to northern Fennoscandia. In Western Europe the most westerly deposits are in the Vosges and the? Auvergne . The species is therefore absent on the British Isles, the Iberian Peninsula , largely in France, the Benelux countries , Italy (with the exception of the Alps) and the Balkan Peninsula and on all Mediterranean islands. In an easterly direction, the distribution area extends to the Russian Far East and Japan . In Central Asia the species is z. B. proven in the Altai .
The species is found in bog areas such as bog forests, heather bogs and bog meadows in different frequencies. In very limited places it can be very numerous, elsewhere it is very rare. In the Black Forest they can still be found at over 1110 meters. On the island of Kyūshū (Japan) the subspecies Arichanna melanaria fraterna occurs in the higher mountain regions. The highest peaks there are over 1700 meters high.
Way of life
The wild berry moth forms a generation a year whose moths fly in Europe from late June to early August. The moths are nocturnal and come to light. But they can also be roused relatively easily from the herb layer during the day. The moths are sometimes quite far removed from their actual habitat, e.g. B. found in cities in the light, which suggests that they are relatively happy to fly. The caterpillars hatch from the eggs in September and feed on the leaves of bogberry ( Vaccinium uliginosum ), cranberry ( Vaccinium oxycoccos ), swamp porst ( Rhododendron tomentosum ) or bilberry ( Vaccinium myrtillus ). They overwinter and pupate in May or June of the following year.
The life cycle of the subspecies Arichanna melanaria fraterna from Japan is somewhat different. In the Kuzyu Mountains of Kyushu Island, the moths fly from mid-June to late August. The eggs are deposited individually in the leaf litter or on dead and discarded leaves directly under the later food plants of the caterpillars. The eggs or the egg caterpillars overwinter in the egg shells and the egg caterpillars do not hatch until April and May of the following year. The caterpillars feed primarily on Rhododendron kiusianum . After a very short development time of only about a month, the caterpillar pupates in the earth. Arichanna melanaria fraterna is considered a pest on Rhododendron kiusianum in Japan .
Danger
The occurrence varies considerably in Germany. In the Red List of Threatened Species , the bilberry moth is listed in category 2 (endangered).
Taxonomy
The taxon Arichanna melanaria is currently divided into the following subspecies:
- Arichanna melanaria melanaria (Linné, 1758), in the greater part of the range
- Arichanna melanaria fraternae Butler, 1878, Japan
- Arichanna melanaria aciculata Inoue, 1946, Sakhalin
Others
The German Federal Post Office included the species in its series of motifs "Endangered Moths".
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Red Lists at Science4you
- ↑ a b c Leraut (2009: p. 179)
- ↑ Peder Skou: The geometroid moths of North Europe (Lepidoptera, Geometridae and Drepanidae). 348 S., Leiden, Brill, 1986
- ^ Forster & Wohlfahrt (1974: p. 198)
- ^ SV Vasilenko: To fauna of geometer-moths (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) of the ridge Iolgo (North-Eastern Altai). Altaiskii Zoologiskii Zhurnal, 2: 46-50, 2008
- ↑ a b Manfred Koch , Wolfgang Heinicke, Bernd Müller: We determine butterflies. Volume 4: Spanner. 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. Neumann, Leipzig / Radebeul 1976, DNB 780451570 .
- ↑ a b c Yoshihiro Hirashima, Masaki Abe and Mutsuhiro Yoshida: Note on the life cycles of Inurois kyushuensis and Arichanna melanaria (Lepidoptera, Geometridae), pests of Rhododendron kiusianum in the Kuzyu Mountains. Esakia, 26: 21-24, 1988 PDF
- ↑ a b Bartsch In: Ebert (2003: pp. 482–486)
- ↑ EA Belyaev. New data on geometridae (Lepidoptera) from Sakhalin Island. Far Eastern Entomologist, 106: 1-5, 2001 ISSN 1026-051X PDF
- ^ Rikio Sato: Type specimens of the Geometridae (Lepidoptera) described by Matsumura in the Hokkaido Insect Collection, Japan. Insecta matsumurana. Series entomology. New series, 58: 115-138, 2001 PDF
literature
- Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 5: Spanner. (Geometridae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-440-04951-5 .
- Patrice Leraut: Geometrid moths . In: Moths of Europe . 1st edition. Volume II. NAP Editions, 2009, ISBN 978-2-913688-09-4 (English).
- Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 9. Moths VII. Geometridae 2nd part . 1st edition. Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3279-6 .
Web links
- www.lepiforum.de Photos
- www.lepidoptera.pl Occurrence in Europe
- www.schmetterlinge-deutschlands.de Endangerment
- Moths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa
- Arichanna melanaria in Fauna Europaea