Ennominae
| Ennominae | ||||||||||
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Blackthorn ( Angerona prunaria ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||
| Ennominae | ||||||||||
| Duponchel , 1845 |
The Ennominae are a large subfamily of the Spanner (Geometridae), within the butterflies (Lepidoptera).
features
The species of the subfamily show a wide range of variation in size, color and drawing according to the large number of species. The caterpillars have opened up a wide range of forage plants. As an apomorphic characteristic that constitutes the group's monophyly, the M2 vein is missing on the hind wing. According to other authors, however, the ennominae are not monophyletic, since this reduction feature could have arisen several times.
Systematics
Within the subfamily, depending on the author, up to 22 tribes are distinguished, but not all of them occur in Europe. Therefore only the tribes and genera occurring in Central Europe are listed here.
- Tribe Abraxini
Warren , 1893
- Genus Abraxas Leach , 1815 (with the subgenus Abraxas (Abraxas) and Abraxas (Calospilos) Hübner , 1825)
- Abraxas pantaria
- Gooseberry spider ( Abraxas grossulariata )
- Elm Harlequin ( Abraxas sylvata )
- Genus Ligdia Guenée , 1857
- Eauheater harlequin ( Ligdia adustata )
- Genus Abraxas Leach , 1815 (with the subgenus Abraxas (Abraxas) and Abraxas (Calospilos) Hübner , 1825)
- Tribus Angeronini Forbes , 1948
- Genus Angerona Duponchel , 1829
- Blackthorn ( Angerona prunaria )
- Genus Pseudocoremia Butler , 1877
- Genus Angerona Duponchel , 1829
- Tribus Aspitatini Duponchel , 1845
- Genus Aspitates Treitschke , 1825
- Genus Chariaspilates Wehrli , 1953
- Genus Dyscia Huebner , 1825
- Genus Enanthyperythra Wehrli , 1937
- Genus Megaspilates Warren , 1894
- Genus Perconia Huebner , 1823
- Tribus Baptini Forbes , 1948
- Genus Aleucis Guenée , 1845
- Genus Lomographa Huebner , 1825
- Two-spot whiteflies ( Lomographa bimaculata )
- Shadow Tie-white tensioner ( Lomographa temerata )
- Tribus Bistonini Stephens , 1850
- Genus Agriopis Huebner , 1825
- Orange-yellow broad-winged flyworm ( Agriopis aurantiaria )
- White-gray broad-winged flyworm ( Agriopis leucophaearia )
- Gray-yellow broad-winged flyworm ( Agriopis marginaria )
- Genus Amorphogynia Warren , 1894
- Genus Apocheima Huebner , (1825)
- Snow wrench ( Apocheima pilosaria )
- Genus Apochima Agassiz , 1847
- Genus Biston Leach , 1815
- Black moth ( Biston betularia )
- Poplar bellybones ( Biston strataria )
- Genus Chemerina Boisduval , 1840
- Genus Chondrosoma Anker , 1854
- Steppe Frostworm ( Chondrosoma fiduciaria )
- Genus Erannis Huebner , 1825
- Great frostworm ( Erannis defoliaria )
- Genus Lycia Huebner , 1825
- Alpine spanner ( Lycia alpina )
- Black-feeler fat-belly spanner ( Lycia hirtaria )
- Dry grass tufts ( Lycia zonaria )
- Genus Microbiston Staudinger , 1882
- Genus Phigalia Duponchel , 1829
- Snow wrench ( Phigalia pilosaria )
- Genus Agriopis Huebner , 1825
- Tribus Boarmiini Duponchel , 1845
- Genus Adactylotis Huebner , 1823
- Genus Aethalura McDunnough , 1920
- Gray alder bark spider ( Aethalura punctulata )
- Genus Afriberina Wehrli , 1943
- Genus Alcis Curtis , 1826
- Bastelberger's bark tensioner ( Alcis bastelbergeri )
- Bearded Lichen Tension ( Alcis jubata )
- Wavy cortex tensioner ( Alcis repandata )
- Genus Arichanna Moore , 1867
- Wild berry moth ( Arichanna melanaria )
- Genus Ascotis Huebner , 1825
- Blackthorn hedge ( Ascotis selenaria )
- Genus Athroolopha Lederer , 1853
- Genus Calamodes Guenée , 1858
- Genus Cleora Curtis , 1825
- Ringspot crustacean ( Cleora cinctaria )
- Genus Crocota Huebner , 1823
- Genus Dasypteroma Staudinger , 1892
- Genus Deileptenia Huebner , 1825
- Genus Ecleora Wehrli , 1941
- Genus Ectropis Huebner , 1825
- Ziggy cortex tensioner ( Ectropis crepuscularia )
- Genus Ekboarmia Wehrli , 1943
- Genus Ematurga Lederer , 1853
- Heidespanner ( Ematurga atomaria )
- Genus Eumannia Fletcher , 1979
- Genus Eurranthis Huebner , 1823
- Genus Fagivorina Wehrli , 1943
- Spotted cortex ( Fagivorina arenaria )
- Genus Hypomecis Huebner , 1821
- Great bark tensioner ( Hypomecis roboraria )
- Genus Ithysia Huebner , 1825
- Genus Megalycinia Wehrli , 1939
- Genus Megametopon Alpheraky , 1892
- Genus Menophra Moore , 1887
- Genus Nychiodes Lederer , 1853
- Genus Palaeocrocota Stanescu , 2002
- Genus Paraboarmia Krampl , 1994
- Genus Paradarisa Warren , 1894
- Genus Parectropis Sato , 1980
- Genus Peribatodes Wehrli , 1943
- Softwood bark spider ( Peribatodes secundaria )
- Diamond bark tensioner ( Peribatodes rhomboidaria )
- Genus Phaselia Guenée , 1858
- Genus Phyllometra Boisduval , 1840
- Genus Sardocyrnia Wehrli , 1943
- Genus Sciadia Huebner , 1822
- Genus Selidosema Huebner , 1823
- Genus Spartopteryx Guenée , 1858
- Genus Synopsia Huebner , 1825
- Genus Tephronia Huebner , 1825
- Genus Zernyia Prout , 1929
- Tribus Bupalini Leach , 1815
- Tribus Caberini Duponchel , 1845
- Genus Cabera Treitschke , 1825
- Brown-fronted whitewater ( Cabera exanthemata )
- White- fronted whitewater ( Cabera pusaria )
- Genus Cabera Treitschke , 1825
- Tribus Campaeini Forbes , 1948
- Genus Adalbertia Wehrli , 1931
- Genus Campaea Lamarck , 1816
- Pearlescent spring flowers ( Campaea margaritata )
- Genus Hylaea Huebner , 1822
- Two-string coniferous forest spanner ( Hylaea fasciaria )
- Genus Pungeleria Rougemont , 1903
- Tribus Cassymini Holloway , 1994
- Genus Lomaspilis Hübner , (1825)
- Genus Stegania Guenée , 1845
- Three-spotted poplar spanner ( Stegania trimaculata )
- Tribus Colotoini Guenée , 1845
- Tribus Ennomini Duponchel , 1845
- Genus Apeira Gistl , 1848
- Lilac-flyer ( Apeira syringaria )
- Genus Artiora Meyrick , 1892
- Genus Ennomos Treitschke , 1825
- Alder- tooth spanner ( Ennomos alniaria )
- Genus Eumera Staudinger , 1892
- Genus Lignyoptera Lederer , 1853
- Genus Selenia Huebner , 1823
- Violet-brown moon spot spider ( Selenia tetralunaria )
- Genus Apeira Gistl , 1848
- Tribus Epionini Bruand , 1846
- Genus Eilicrinia Huebner , 1823
- Genus Epione Duponchel , 1829
- Genus Hypoxystis Prout , 1915
- Genus Opisthograptis Huebner , 1823
- Yellow tensioner ( Opisthograptis luteolata )
- Genus Pseudopanthera Huebner , 1823
- Panther spanner ( Pseudopanthera macularia )
- Genus Therapis Huebner , 1823
- Genus Toulgoetia Herbulot , 1946
- Tribus Gnophini Duponchel , 1845
- Genus Charissa Curtis , 1826
- Green-gray banded rock spanner ( Charissa glaucinaria )
- Dry grass stone spider ( Charissa obscurata )
- Genus Cleorodes Warren , 1894
- Green Lichen Bark Spanner ( Cleorodes lichenaria )
- Genus Elophos Boisduval , 1840
- Elophos caelibaria
- Brown-gray mountain forest stone spanner ( Elophos vittaria )
- Genus Glacies Milliere , 1874
-
Gnophos Treitschke , 1825 (with the subgenera Gnophos (Gnophos) and Gnophos (Odontognophos) Wehrli , 1951)
- Great stone spanner ( Gnophos (Gnophos) furvata )
- Light-banded stone spanner ( Charissa pullata )
- Genus Psodos Treitschke , 1825
- Genus Siona Duponchel , 1829
- Hartheu Spanner ( Siona lineata )
- Genus Charissa Curtis , 1826
- Tribus Gonodontini Forbes , 1948
- Genus Asovia Alpheraky , 1908
- Genus Crocallis Treitschke , 1825
- Genus Dasycorsa Prout , 1915
- Genus Odontopera Stephens , 1831
- Tribus Hypochrosini Guenée , 1857
- Genus Pachycnemia Stephens , 1829
- Plagodis Huebner genus , 1823
- Planing tensioner ( Plagodis dolabraria )
- Tribus Lithinini Rindge , 1986
- Genus Cepphis Huebner , 1823
- Genus Liodesina Wehrli , 1938
- Genus Petrophora Huebner , 1811
- Tribe Macariini Guenée , 1858
- Genus Acanthovalva Kruger , 2001
- Genus Chiasmia Huebner , 1823
- Grid tensioner ( Chiasmia clathrata )
- Genus Digrammia Gumppenberg , 1887
- Genus Gnopharmia Staudinger , 1892
- Genus Heliomata Grote & Robinson , 1866
- Genus Isturgia Huebner , 1823
- Genus Itame Huebner , 1823
- Genus Macaria Curtis , 1826
- Dark gray corner wing wrench ( Macaria alternata )
- Forest bog spider ( Macaria brunneata )
- Macaria fusca
- Violet-gray corner wing spanner ( Macaria liturata )
- Light gray corner wing spider ( Macaria notata )
- Brown-gray corner wing spanner ( Macaria signaria )
- Vauzeichen-Eckflügelspanner ( Macaria wauaria )
- Genus Narraga Walker , 1861
- Genus Ortaliella Hausmann , 1993
- Genus Rhoptria Guenée , 1857
- Onychorini tribe
- Genus Onychora Meyrick , 1892
- Tribus Ourapterygini Pierce , 1914 (The Tribus is drafted by Beljaev (2008) and the genera are placed in the Tribus Ennomini)
- Genus Ourapteryx Leach , 1814
- Elderberry spider ( Ourapteryx sambucaria )
- Genus Ourapteryx Leach , 1814
- Tribe Prosopolophini Warren , 1894
- Genus Compsoptera Blanchard , 1845
- Tribus Theriini Herbulot , 1963
- Genus Theria Huebner , 1825
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ Eugene A. Beljaev: A morphological approach to the phylogeny Ennominae (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) . Spixiana 29/3: 215-216, Munich 2006.
- ↑ Catherine Young: Molecular relationships of the Australian Ennominae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) and implications for the phylogeny of the Geometridae from molecular and morphological data . Zootaxa, 1264: 1-147, Auckland, New Zealand 2006
- ↑ Jaan Viidalepp, Toomas Tammaru, Niina Snäll, Kai Ruohomäki and Niklas Wahlberg: Cleorodes Warren, 1894 does not belong in the tribe Boarmiini (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). European Journal Entomologie, 104: 303–309, 2007 PDF
- ↑ EA Beljaev: A New Concept of the Generic Composition of the Geometrid Moth Tribe Ennomini (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) Based on Functional Morphology of the Male Genitalia. Entomological Review, 88 (1): 50-60, 2008 doi : 10.1134 / S0013873808010089
literature
- Manfred Koch , Wolfgang Heinicke, Bernd Müller: We determine butterflies. Volume 4: Spanner. 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. Neumann, Leipzig / Radebeul 1976, DNB 780451570 .
- Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg Volume 9 (Spanner (Geometridae) 2nd part), Nachtfalter VII. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3279-6
Web links
Commons : Ennominae - collection of images, videos and audio files
