Poplar fat belly tensioners

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Poplar fat belly tensioners
Poplar bellybones (Biston strataria)

Poplar bellybones ( Biston strataria )

Systematics
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Family : Spanner (Geometridae)
Subfamily : Ennominae
Tribe : Bistonini
Genre : Biston
Type : Poplar fat belly tensioners
Scientific name
Biston strataria
( Hufnagel , 1767)

The Biston Strataria ( Biston strataria ) is a butterfly ( moth ) from the family of the tensioner (Geometridae). The species is also known as the poplar spanner.

features

The poplar belly tensioner reaches a wingspan of 40 to 55 millimeters. The forewings are gray-white and more or less blackish pollinated, whereby the color is variable (see shapes). The middle field is bounded by strongly jagged black transverse lines, which are followed by a wide, reddish-brown transverse band. The middle shadows are often extinguished and thickened blackish at the front edge. The rear wings have one or two transverse lines, which can be of different strengths. The proboscis of the moths is much reduced form.

The caterpillars reach a length of up to 55 millimeters. The color is variable and ranges from gray-brown to lilac-brown to olive-green. The caterpillar body has a back hump on each side on the seventh and eighth segment and three smaller humps on the underside of the body. There is also a transverse bead on the eleventh segment. The back is occasionally drawn in a dark diamond shape. The heavily notched head is reddish brown and heavily notched.

Similar species

Subspecies

  • Biston strataria meridionalis (Oberthür, 1913). North africa .
  • Biston strataria strataria (Hufnagel, 1767)
  • Biston strataria hasegawai Inoue, 1955

to form

  • Biston strataria f. terraria Weymer. The middle and border areas are darkened brown.
  • Biston strataria f. robinearia Frings. Wings darkened black and with intact markings.
  • Biston strataria mut. melanaria cook. Wings plain black without drawing, body also black. The wings are light brown. Melanistic mutation .

Synonyms

  • Phalaena strataria Hufnagel, 1767
  • P. marmorata Sulzer, 1776
  • P. prodromaria Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775
  • P. prodromaria nigricans Oberthür, 1913
  • P. vernalis Fourcroy, 1785
  • Biston stratarius Hufnagel, 1767

Occurrence

Bergmann describes the poplar spider as the leading species of the tree layer of older oaks in fresh deciduous trees in warm areas of the flat and the valleys of the hill country . It occurs locally throughout Europe with the exception of the far north and the extreme south. In the south, its distribution area extends through the entire Mediterranean region , the Balkans and the Black Sea region to Asia Minor and the Caucasus . The species is found in the north as far as southern Fennoscandia . It is common.

Way of life

The females lay the eggs on the leaves of various deciduous trees. The caterpillars live individually or in groups and feed polyphagously on various deciduous trees or shrubs such as

The caterpillars are nocturnal and rest on a branch of the forage plant during the day. The caterpillar's body is stretched forward at an angle so that it looks like a small branch that can be mistaken for it ( mimetic ).

The pupation takes place around the end of June in the earth. The species overwinters as a pupa. The moths hatch from February to March of the following year. These are nocturnal and are attracted to artificial light sources. During the day they rest on trunks or hide in the vegetation. Nothing is known about the food sources of the moths.

Flight and caterpillar times

The poplar belly tensioner forms a generation a year that flies from mid-March, sometimes even from the end of February on nights with temperatures around freezing point until the beginning of May. The caterpillars can be found from May to July, occasionally even in August.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h David J. Carter, Brian Hargreaves: Caterpillars and butterflies of Europe and their forage plants. Blackwell Wissenschaftsverlag 1987, ISBN 3-826-38139-4 .
  2. ↑ Biston strataria meridionalis (Oberthür 1913). Fauna Europaea, Version 1.3, April 19, 2007 , accessed on October 2, 2007 .
  3. ↑ Biston strataria strataria (Hufnagel 1767). Fauna Europaea, Version 1.3, April 19, 2007 , accessed on October 2, 2007 .
  4. ↑ a b c d e Malcolm J. Scoble: Geometrid moths of the world. A catalog (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 1999, ISBN 0-643-06304-8 .
  5. ↑ a b c d Manfred Koch, Wolfgang Heinicke, Bernd Müller: We determine butterflies. Volume 4: Spanner. 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. Neumann, Leipzig / Radebeul 1976, DNB 780451570 .
  6. ^ Biston strataria (Hufnagel 1767). Fauna Europaea, Version 1.3, April 19, 2007 , accessed on October 2, 2007 .
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Günter Ebert (Ed.): The Butterflies of Baden-Württemberg Volume 9 (Spanner (Geometridae) 2nd part), Nachtfalter VII. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-800-13279-6 .
  8. ↑ Arno Bergmann: The large butterflies of Central Germany. Volume 5/2: Spanner. Distribution, forms and communities. Urania-Verlag, Jena 1955, DNB 450378411 .

literature

  • Manfred Koch , Wolfgang Heinicke: We identify butterflies. 3. Edition. Neumann, Radebeul 1991, ISBN 3-7402-0092-8 .
  • Axel Hausmann, Michael A. Miller: Atlas of the caterpillars of European and Asia Minor butterflies, photographed by Burkhard Nippe. Publishing house Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Munich 2000, ISBN 3-931-51679-2 .
  • Bernard Skinner: Color Identification Guide to Moths of the British Isles. Penguin UK 1999, ISBN 0-670-87978-9 .

Web links

Commons : Poplar-Dickleibspanner ( Biston strataria )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files