Biston
| Biston | ||||||||||||
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Poplar bellybones ( Biston strataria ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Biston | ||||||||||||
| Leach , 1815 |
Biston is a genus within the butterfly family of Spanner (Geometridae).
features
The European representatives of the genus Biston are relatively large nocturnal moths with wingspans of up to 55 millimeters. The species are extremely polyphagous and can be found on various hardwoods and shrubs. The best-known representative within the genus is the birch moth ( Biston betularia ), whose melanistic forms , which frequently occur in industrial areas , have led to a large number of publications.
The nocturnal caterpillars have the typical habitus of a tension caterpillar and are adapted to their habitat by shape and color. In the resting position, that of the poplar fat-womb ( Biston strataria ) imitates a small twig by stretching the caterpillar forward obliquely ( mimetic ).
Systematics
In Europe , the genus Biston is represented by three species. Earlier the species Apocheima hispidaria , Lycia pomonaria , Lycia zonaria and Lycia hirtaria were combined in the genus Biston .
There are currently 49 species of this genus worldwide.
- Biston abruptaria (Walker, 1869)
- Biston achyra Wehrli, 1936. Europe.
- Biston annulata (Warren, 1897)
- Biston bengaliaria (Guenée, 1858)
- Biston betularia (Linnaeus, 1758). Europe.
- Biston bistonaria (Walker, 1866)
- Biston brevipennata Inoue, 1982
- Biston contectaria (Walker, 1863)
- Biston dargei (Herbulot, 1973)
- Biston edwardsi (Prout, 1938)
- Biston emarginaria Leach, 1897
- Biston erilda (Oberthür, 1910)
- Biston falcata (Warren, 1893)
- Biston fasciaria Motschulsky, 1866
- Biston fessa (Warren, 1896)
- Biston giganteus Inoue, 1985
- Biston homoclera (Prout, 1938)
- Biston huberaria (Ballion, 1866)
- Biston hypoleucos Kuznetsov, 1901
- Biston inouei Holloway, 1994
- Biston insularis (Warren, 1894)
- Biston johannaria (Oberthür, 1913)
- Biston leucocrossa (Prout, 1928)
- Biston luculentus Inoue, 1992
- Biston marginata Shiraki, 1913
- Biston melacron Wehrli, 1941
- Biston multidentata (Guedet, 1941)
- Biston nephelistis (Meyrick, 1897)
- Biston panterinaria (Bremer & Gray, 1853)
- Biston porphyria (Butler, 1889)
- Biston praeparva (Prout, 1937)
- Biston prinodes (West, 1929)
- Biston pteronyma (Prout, 1938)
- Biston pura (Warren, 1894)
- Biston pustulata (Warren, 1896)
- Biston quercii (Oberthür, 1910)
- Biston regalis (Moore, 1888)
- Biston robustum Butler, 1879
- Biston semifusca (Swinhoe, 1902)
- Biston sinuata Hampson, 1895
- Biston strataria (Hufnagel, 1767). Europe.
- Biston strigaria (Moore, 1879)
- Biston subflavus Inoue, 1985
- Biston subocularia (Mabille, 1893)
- Biston subregalis Inoue, 1992
- Biston supressaria (Guenée, 1858)
- Biston takeuchii Matsamura, 1931
- Biston thibetaria (Oberthür, 1886)
- Biston thoracicaria (Oberthür, 1884)
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ Biston Leach 1815. Fauna Europaea, Version 1.3, April 19, 2007 , accessed on October 11, 2007 .
- ↑ Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg Volume 9 (Spanner (Geometridae) 2nd part), Nachtfalter VII. Ulmer Verlag Stuttgart 2003. ISBN 3-8001-3279-6
- ↑ Malcolm J. Scoble: Geometrid moths of the world. A catalog (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 1999, ISBN 0-643-06304-8
