Glacies coracina

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Glacies coracina
Glacies coracina.jpg

Glacies coracina

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Family : Spanner (Geometridae)
Subfamily : Ennominae
Genre : Glacies
Type : Glacies coracina
Scientific name
Glacies coracina
( Esper , 1805)

Glacies coracina is a butterfly ( moth ) fromthe Spanner family (Geometridae). The species is sometimes referred to as the "white-pollinated alpine spanner" or "Nordic alpine spanner".

features

butterfly

The wingspan of the moth is about 18 to 24 millimeters. The fore and hind wings vary from gray to black-brown hues, the differences being mainly due to the respective geographic occurrence. Some small whitish or yellowish spots are irregularly distributed over the wings. The middle field is darker, delimited by clear transverse lines and shows an elongated, black discal spot. A black discal spot can also be seen in the dark central field on the hind wings.

Caterpillar

The caterpillars are short and stocky, light brown in color, have dark slashes and dark back and light side stripes. The head has a light reddish brown color.

Similar species

In Glacies noricana the drawing is more indistinct and occasionally shimmers with a slight greenish tinge , while Glacies alpinata is usually darker and shows a drawing that is less contrasting.

distribution and habitat

The species is widespread in northern Europe as well as in the high altitudes of the mountains, from Norway , Sweden , Finland , Poland and northern Russia to Japan . It is also found in the British Isles , Romania and Bulgaria, as well as in the Alpine countries . Glacies coracina rises to heights of 3000 meters, but can also be found at sea level in Norway. The main habitat are mountainous birch forests, mountain moors or rocky meadows.

Way of life

The moths are diurnal and fly restlessly close to the ground in the sunshine. They like to rest with their wings spread flat on stones and rocks, where they are extremely well camouflaged due to their coloring. They are found in one generation from June to August. The caterpillars feed on the leaves of various lower plants, including dwarf birch ( Betula nana ) and black crowberry ( Empetrum nigrum ). They hibernate. A second hibernation can take place as a pupa .

Danger

In Germany, Glacies coracina occurs only in a few places in the Bavarian Alps. The species is on the red list of endangered species on the warning list.

Systematics

The species is currently divided into seven subspecies:

  • Glacies coracina bureschi Varga, 1975, Bulgaria
  • Glacies coracina coracina (Esper, 1805), nominate subspecies
  • Glacies coracina dioszeghyi (Schmidt, 1930), Hungary, subspecies status doubtful
  • Glacies coracina lappona (Wehrli, 1921)
  • Glacies coracina pseudonoricana (Wehrli, 1921)
  • Glacies coracina transiens (Wehrli, 1921)
  • Glacies coracina tundranoides (Malicky, 1966)

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Peder Skou: The geometroid moths of North Europe (Lepidoptera, Drepanidae, Geometridae) . Scandinavian Science Press, 1986
  2. ↑ Walter Forster, Theodor A. Wohlfahrt: The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 5: Spanner. (Geometridae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-440-04951-5 .
  3. ↑ Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (Ed.): Red List of Endangered Animals in Germany . Landwirtschaftsverlag, Münster 1998, ISBN 3-89624-110-9 .
  4. ↑ Dimităr Nankinov: Threatened animal species of Bulgaria. Natural Conservation Status and Distribution in Ecosystems. 146 pp., Pensoft 2000 ISBN 954-642-072-7 and ISBN 954-430-661-7 GoogleBooks
  5. ↑ Jan Christian Habel: Survival on Changing Climate: Phylogeography and Conservation of Relict Species. 449 pp., 2009 GoogleBooks
  6. ↑ a b c d Fauna Europaea

literature

Web links

Commons : Glacies coracina  - collection of images, videos and audio files