Synopsia sociaria

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Synopsia sociaria
Synopsia sociaria (36619892622) .jpg

Synopsia sociaria

Systematics
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Family : Spanner (Geometridae)
Subfamily : Ennominae
Tribe : Boarmiini
Genre : Synopsia
Type : Synopsia sociaria
Scientific name
Synopsia sociaria
( Huebner , 1799)

Synopsia sociaria, sometimes also called sand-grass brown-striped spanner or heather brown-striped spanner , is a butterfly ( moth ) fromthe spanner family (Geometridae).

features

Synopsia sociaria ♂, with a clearly jagged outer transverse line Cleora cinctaria ♂, with a rounded outer transverse line
Synopsia sociaria ♂,
with a clearly jagged outer transverse line
Cleora cinctaria ♂,
with a rounded outer transverse line

butterfly

The wingspan is about 28 to 34 millimeters. Light gray and brownish tones predominate on the wings . The curved, black-colored inner transverse line is followed by a dark brown colored strip. The sometimes double, black colored outer transverse line shows a distinctive and species-typical jagged bulge near the front edge. The outer transverse line continues on the hind wings. The antennae of the males are combed on both sides, those of the females are weakly notched.

egg

The egg has an oval shape and is provided with numerous grooves. It is initially yellow in color, which later changes to dark purple-red.

Caterpillar

Adult caterpillars are gray-brown in color. Two short dorsal tips are characteristic. Back lines and side stripes are usually indistinct. The dark point warts stand out more clearly.

Doll

The doll is elongated, black-brown in color, shows light segment incisions and has a cone-shaped cremaster with two small hook-shaped bristles at the end.

Similar species

Synopsia sociaria is similar to many species of cortex, especially the ring-spotted cortex ( Cleora cinctaria ), but differs in particular by the sharper, jagged course of the outer transverse line.

Geographical distribution and occurrence

The distribution area of Synopsia sociaria extends through southern Central Europe to western Central Asia. In the north, the occurrence from the North Sea coast to the Baltic states to Russia is patchy. The ssp lives in the Caucasus . S. sociaria unitaria . In the Alps , the species rises to an altitude of 1500 meters. It prefers to inhabit heather areas, dry slopes and sandy lawns.

Way of life

The moths are nocturnal and fly in two generations in southern regions from late March to early June and from early July to early October. Only one generation flies north of the Alps, appearing in July and August. Sometimes you visit artificial light sources . The caterpillars live on various plants, for example on gorse - ( Genista ), mugwort - ( Artemisia ) and adder head species ( Echium ) as well as on heather ( Erica ). They hibernate. Pupation takes place on the ground between moss.

Danger

The species is considered to be extinct or lost in the German federal states and is accordingly listed in Category 0 on the Red List of Endangered Species . In the 20th century it was not uncommon locally in the Lüneburg Heath and was also found locally in the Lausitz and the Mark Brandenburg . Information about finds in Baden-Württemberg is obviously based on incorrect determinations.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Walter Forster, Theodor A. Wohlfahrt: The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 5: Spanner. (Geometridae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-440-04951-5 .
  2. ↑ a b Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 9. Moths VII. Geometridae 2nd part . 1st edition. Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3279-6 .
  3. ↑ Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (Ed.): Red List of Endangered Animals in Germany . Landwirtschaftsverlag, Münster 1998, ISBN 3-89624-110-9 .
  4. ↑ Manfred Koch , Wolfgang Heinicke, Bernd Müller: We determine butterflies. Volume 4: Spanner. 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. Neumann, Leipzig / Radebeul 1976, DNB 780451570 .
  5. ^ Georg Warnecke: The distribution of Synopsia sociaria Hb. (Lep. Geom.) In Central Europe , Journal of the Vienna Entomological Society, 29th year, 1944
  6. ↑ Ulrich von Chappuis: Changes in the large butterfly world in the province of Brandenburg up to 1938 , German Entomological Journal, year 1942

literature

  • Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 9. Moths VII. Geometridae 2nd part . 1st edition. Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3279-6 .
  • Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 5: Spanner. (Geometridae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-440-04951-5 .

Web links

Commons : Synopsia sociaria  - Collection of images, videos and audio files