Heidespanner

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Heidespanner
Heidespanner (Ematurga atomaria), female

Heidespanner ( Ematurga atomaria ), female

Systematics
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Family : Spanner (Geometridae)
Subfamily : Ennominae
Tribe : Boarmiini
Genre : Ematurga
Type : Heidespanner
Scientific name
Ematurga atomaria
Linnaeus , 1758
copula
Wing undersides
Caterpillar

The Heidespanner ( Ematurga atomaria ) is a butterfly ( moth ) from the family of the Spanner (Geometridae).

features

The moths reach a wingspan of 22 to 34 millimeters and are characterized by a pronounced sexual dichroism . The wings of the female are white, while those of the male are ocher. The wings of both sexes have brown to dark brown transverse lines with different courses. There are also so-called melanistic forms in which the characteristic cross bars are missing. The upper sides of the wings are then colored brown to black-brown. The males have strongly combed antennae, while those of the females are thread-like. The egg is elongated and green to yellow-red. The caterpillar is slender, smooth and up to 30 millimeters long. As with the butterfly, the color is very variable; it ranges from brown to yellowish, gray to violet-gray. The back line is dark, the side stripes light and wavy. The pupa is yellow-brown and spotted. The Kremaster is long and forked at the end.

Subspecies

Several subspecies are known from Northern Europe, Asia Minor , the Caucasus, and Central and East Asia .

  • Ematurga atomaria alpicolaria ( Vorbrodt & Müller-Rutz , 1917)
  • Ematurga atomaria isocelata ( Scopoli , 1763)
  • Ematurga atomaria obsoletaria ( Zetterstedt , 1840)
  • Ematurga atomaria zetterstedtaria Heydemann , 1930
  • Ematurga atomaria orientaria Staudinger , 1871
  • Ematurga atomaria meinhardi Krulikowski , 1909
  • Ematurga atomaria krassnojarscensis Fuchs , 1899
  • Ematurga atomaria arenaria Candèze , 1926
  • Ematurga atomaria atomaria ( Linnaeus , 1758)
  • Ematurga atomaria minuta Heydemann , 1925

distribution

The Heidespanner can be found from the Iberian Peninsula through Western, Central and Eastern Europe via Siberia to Sakhalin . In the south, its distribution area extends through the northern Mediterranean to the Turkish part of the Black Sea region .

Habitat

The Heidespanner can be found practically anywhere.

Way of life

Flight times

The Heidespanner flies in two generations per year. The second generation is mostly incomplete. The first generation flies from mid-April to June, the second generation from June to September. A clear temporal separation between the two generations is not possible. At higher altitudes and in cooler years, usually only one generation flies from May to August.

behavior

The caterpillars are polyphagous and show a certain preference for butterflies such as gorse . The caterpillar forage plants include:

Pupation takes place in the earth. The pupa hibernates.

The species is most common in the morning and at dusk. The males look for newly hatched females in a zigzag flight. During the search for nectar, the moths were observed on the following plants:

Harmful effect

The Heidespanner can be quite common regionally and perceived as a pest. In Belarus it is considered a pest on the large-fruited cranberries ( Vaccinium macrocarpon ). In 1989 it appeared in Northern Italy as a pest on soybeans ( Glycine max ).

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ EA Beljaev: New Data on Geometridae (Lepidoptera) from Sakhalin Iceland. The Far Eastern Entomologist, 106: 1-5, 2001 ISSN  1026-051X PDF
  2. ↑ Azize Toper Kaygin, Yafes Yildiz and Mustafa Avci: Lepidoptera fauna in Bartin province, in the western black sea region of Turkey. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 4 (9): 815-822, 2009 PDF
  3. ^ A b Günter Ebert, Daniel Bartsch, Armin Becher, Stefan Hafner: The butterflies of Baden Württemberg. Volume 9: Moth VII (Spanner (Geometridae) 2nd part). Ulmer Verlag Stuttgart 2003. ISBN 3-800-13279-6
  4. ↑ EM Zhukovets and SV Korovchenko: (Heather moth - Ematurga atomaria Linnaeus, 1758 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) - as a pest of cranberry in Belarus). Conference Abstracts of reports of science-production conference dedicated to the 25th anniversary of BRIPP (Minsk-Priluki, 14-16 February of 1996). Part 1, Minsk (Belarus), 14-16 Feb 1996, Minsk 1996 [1]
  5. ↑ P. Zandigiacomo: The principal pests of soyabean in north-eastern Italy in 1989. Informatore Fitopatologico 40 (8): 55-58, 1990 Abstract  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective . Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.cababstractsplus.org  

literature

Web links

Commons : Heidespanner  - album with pictures, videos and audio files