Big stone tensioner

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Big stone tensioner
Gnophos furvata.jpg

Great stone wrench ( Gnophos furvata )

Systematics
Superfamily : Geometroidea
Family : Spanner (Geometridae)
Subfamily : Ennominae
Genre : Gnophos
Subgenus : Gnophos
Type : Big stone tensioner
Scientific name
Gnophos furvata
( Denis & Schiffermüller , 1775)

The Great Stone Spanner ( Gnophos furvata ), also Ashen Stone Spanner called, is a butterfly ( moth ) from the family of the tensioner (Geometridae).

features

butterfly

The strikingly large moths reach a wingspan of 38 to 52 millimeters and are therefore not to be confused with other species of stone wrench. Gray or gray-brown tones predominate on the wings. The midfield of the forewings is darkened and delimited by strongly undulating transverse lines that continue on the hind wings. The small circular center points are often indistinct. In the subspecies Gnophos furvata cinerascens they are completely absent. Some specimens show a whitish wavy line. The edge of the hind wings is very wavy.

Caterpillar

Adult caterpillars appear thick and walnut and have a brownish or yellowish color. Two small tips on the eleventh segment and two weakly developed anal tips are characteristic.

Doll

The doll is shiny red-brown in color and has two short thorns on the flat, wide cremaster .

Geographical distribution and habitat

The great stone spanner occurs locally in southern and central Europe. In the east the occurrence extends to the Carpathians and Ukraine . The species is found in particular on limestone soil. In the Alps it rises up to 2000 meters. It prefers to inhabit stony slopes as well as dry and rocky grass areas.

Way of life

The moths are mostly nocturnal and visit artificial light sources . Sometimes they also fly during the day and like to rest on rocks and stones. Butterflies have also been observed that suckle on water feast ( Eupatorium cannabinum ) as well as on pitchforks ( Lychnis ) and catchweed species ( Silene ). The flight time is from June to September. The caterpillars live on the leaves of various plants from late summer, for example blackthorn ( Prunus spinosa ), red dogwood ( Cornus sanguinea ), common clematis ( Clematis vitalba ), mountain vetch ( Coronilla coronata ) or common horseshoe clover ( Hippocrepis comosa ). They overwinter and pupate in June of the following year.

Danger

The great stone spanner occurs in the southern and central German federal states and is classified in category 3 (endangered) on the red list of endangered species .

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ www.papillon-poitou
  2. ^ A b Walter Forster, Theodor A. Wohlfahrt: The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 5: Spanner. (Geometridae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-440-04951-5 .
  3. ↑ a b c Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 9. Moths VII. Geometridae 2nd part . 1st edition. Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3279-6 .
  4. ↑ Georg Warnecke: About the spread of Gnophos furvata SCHIFF. in Central Europe (Lep., Geometr.) , Entomological Journal, Frankfurt am Main, 1928
  5. ↑ Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (Ed.): Red List of Endangered Animals in Germany . Landwirtschaftsverlag, Münster 1998, ISBN 3-89624-110-9 .

literature

  • Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 9. Moths VII. Geometridae 2nd part . 1st edition. Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3279-6 .
  • Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 5: Spanner. (Geometridae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-440-04951-5 .

Web links

Commons : Großer Steinspanner  - Collection of images, videos and audio files