Real Audiencia of Santa Fe de Bogotá

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The Real Audiencia de Santafé de Bogotá or Santa Fe (in Spanish in full: Audiencia y Cancillería Real de Santafé de Bogotá ) was established in Bogotá on April 7, 1550 and was a court with jurisdiction over a judicial district of the Viceroyalty of Peru and an institution of colonial administration (see: Real Audiencia ). The area of ​​responsibility of the Audiencia of Bogotá extended roughly across the present-day territories of Colombia , Venezuela , Ecuador and Panama. Real Audiencia de Santafé After the division of the Viceroyalty of Peru in 1717, the Real Audiencia of Bogotá belonged to the Viceroyalty of New Granada and was dissolved with the independence of Colombia in 1819 .

The role of the Real Audiencias in the colonies

As part of the colonization of Central and South America by the Spaniards, King Ferdinand V and Charles V issued the "Laws on India" ( Leyes de Indias ), which also included the "New Laws" ( Leyes Nuevas ) of 1542, in which the crown organized and regulated the administration of the overseas colonies.

The Real Audiencias were responsible for the implementation of the laws and the support of the military governors . They fulfilled tasks in administration and finance that went far beyond that of a court according to today's understanding, especially as a separation of powers was unknown. In addition to a chairman and four judges (Spanish: oidores ), there was a public prosecutor (Spanish: fiscal ), but also subordinate executive forces such as a bailiff ( alguacil mayor ), police forces, translators, etc.

The establishment

After the first permanent settlement and the establishment of the city of Santa Fe de Bogotá by the Spaniards in 1538, the conquerors named the area in question as the New Kingdom of Granada ( Nuevo Reino de Granada ). In 1540 it was awarded to the conquistador Sebastián de Belalcázar by the Spanish King Charles V. For administration and jurisdiction, it should be subordinate to the Viceroyalty of Peru , which was founded in 1542.

In 1546, Miguel Díaz de Armendáriz recommended the India Council to set up its own Real Audiencia in Bogotá, as the Real Audiencia of Lima would be overwhelmed with the administration and jurisdiction of New Granada due to its capacity and the long distances.

On July 17, 1549, the Council of India decided to set up the Audiencia and named Gutiérrez de Mercado as chairman as well as Beltrán de Góngora, Juan López de Galarza and Francisco Briceño to oidores . The first meeting took place on April 7, 1550, admittedly without the president, who had previously died, and he was probably poisoned.

Díaz de Armendáriz was to act as his successor, but he was brought to Spain under serious allegations and died on the way. The successors did not fare much better either, they died on the journey or were otherwise prevented from performing the office. Ultimately, it was not until 1563 that Andrés Díaz Venero de Leyva, the first president, could take over the presidency.

In 1680 a new version of the Indian Laws ( Leyes de Indias ) laid down the competences and limits of the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Bogotá.

In 1715 there was an uprising of the oidores against the president Francisco Meneses Bravo de Saravia . The coup and the new political situation in Spain after the Bourbons took over the monarchy as a result of the War of the Spanish Succession led to the secession of New Granada from the Viceroyalty of Peru and the establishment of a separate Viceroyalty of New Granada . The responsibilities in the colonial administration between the Viceroy and the Audiencia were thus reorganized; From then on, the Real Audiencia was no longer run by any president.

In the course of the independence movement, the rebels under Simón Bolívar proclaimed the First Republic of Colombia in 1810 ; the Spaniards succeeded in recapturing the area by 1816. It was not until 1819 with the founding of Greater Colombia that Spanish colonial rule ended and with it the jurisdiction of the Real Audiencia .

Chair of the Real Audiencia of Santa Fé de Bogotá

  • Andrés Díaz Venero de Leyva (1564–1574)
  • Francisco Briceño (1575)
  • Lope Díez Aux de Armendáriz (1578-1580)
  • Francisco Guillén Chaparro, interim
  • Antonio González (1590–1597)
  • Francisco de Sande (1597-1602)
  • Juan de Borja y Armendia (1605-1628)
  • Sancho Girón de Narváez (1630–1637)
  • Martín de Saavedra Galindo de Guzmán (1637–1645)
  • Juan Fernández de Córdoba y Coalla (1645–1652)
  • Dionisio Pérez Manrique de Lara (1654-1660)
  • Diego de Egües y Beaumont (1662–1664)
  • Diego del Corro y Carrascal (1666-1667)
  • Diego de Villalba y Toledo (1667–1671)
  • Melchor de Liñán y Cisneros (1671–1674)
  • Francisco Castillo de la Concha (1679–1685 †)
  • Gil de Cabrera y Dávalos (1686–1691, 1694–1703)
  • Diego Córdoba Lasso de la Vega (1703-1710, 1711-1712)
  • Francisco Cossio y Otero (1710-1711)
  • Francisco Meneses Bravo de Saravia (1712-1715)
  • Francisco del Rincon (1717-1718)
  • Antonio de la Pedrosa y Guerrero (1718–1719)
  • Jorge de Villalonga (1719–1723)
  • Antonio Manso Maldonado (1724-1731)
  • Rafael de Eslava (1733–1737)
  • Antonio González Manrique (1738)
  • Francisco González Manrique (1739–1740)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ La Real Audiencia bitacorasdebogota.blogspot.com, accessed March 10, 2019 (Spanish)

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