Leyes de Indias

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The Laws of the Indias (Spanish Leyes de Indias ) are the complete law books published by the Spanish Crown for the American and Filipino parts of the Spanish colonial empire . They regulated the social, political and economic life in these areas. The laws included a variety of decrees issued over centuries and important 16th century laws that were intended to regulate relations between the settlers and indigenous people (e.g. Leyes de Burgos (Laws of Burgos, 1512 ) and the Leyes Nuevas (New Laws of 1542 )). During the 500 years of the Spanish presence in these regions, the laws have been merged several times, e.g. B. 1680 Charles II of Spain in the Recopilación de las Leyes de los Reynos de Indias (Collection of the Laws of the Kingdoms of the Indias), which became the classic collection of the laws, although later laws replaced parts of them and other collections were published. However, the 1680 compilation became the template for the way the laws were organized.

history

The Spanish colonization of America was accompanied by various conflicts between the indigenous peoples (native or American Indians) of America and the Spanish invaders due to the Reducciones de Indios and other political strategies. At the same time, tensions between the Spanish crown and the colonists increased, as the royal laws also included the banishment of the "New Christians" ( Estatutos de Limpieza de sangre ) who settled in America.

Two of the most important laws passed in the 16th century concerned contact with indigenous peoples, a problem that worried the Spanish crown shortly after Christopher Columbus' travels . The Leyes de Burgos of 1512, signed by Ferdinand II of Aragon , concerned the wealth of the defeated Native Americans. The subject was revised again after Bartolome de las Casas drew attention to the abuse by the Encomenderos . The Leyes de Burgos were made by the Leyes Nuevas of 1542, which were issued by Charles I , but were revised again in 1552 due to resistance from the colonists. These were followed by the Ordinances Concerning Discoveries 1573, which banned any unauthorized operations against independent indigenous people.

To regulate the establishment of presidios (military towns), missions, and pueblos, King Philip II developed the first versions of the Leyes de Indias, a comprehensive guide to 148 ordinances to help colonists find, build, and populate settlements should. There were ordinances for the town planning process, and the Leyes de Indias were the first attempts at a general plan. Signed in 1573, the Leyes de Indias are considered to be one of the first far-reaching guidelines for a society's design. The laws were heavily influenced by Vitruvius ' Ten Books of Architecture and Alberti's treatises on the subject.

After some of the northern colonies became part of the United States, the Leyes de Indias influenced the creation of rules that governed developments in the United States, particularly the Land Ordinance of 1785 , which governed townships and the division of land in the United States.

Examples of cities where the Leyes have been used

credentials

  1. ↑ Estatutos de Limpieza de Sangre , Pablo A. Chami.
  2. ↑ Indies, Laws of the ( Memento of the original from January 28, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . (2006). In Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Retrieved November 22, 2006 from Encyclopædia Britannica Online @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / geoanalyzer.HOU
  3. ↑ John Jackson: June 2003, Guiding Good Development Design ( Memento of the original from August 10, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Found November 22, 2006, on the Indiana Association of Cities and Towns website @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.citiesandtowns.org
  4. ↑ Messina, John (2002, March). Town Making . Accessed November 22, 2006, on the Architecture and Urbanism of the Southwest website.

swell

  • Juan Manzano Manzano. Recopilación de leyes de los reynos de las Indias . 4 vols. Madrid: Ediciones Cultura Hispánica, 1973 [1681] ISBN 978-84-7232-204-2
  • Recopilación de leyes de los reynos de las Indias, 1681 . 5 vols. Mexico: MA Porrúa, 1987. ISBN 978-968-842-091-1
  • Recopilación de leyes de los reynos de las Indias . 3 vols. Madrid: Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitutionales: Boletín Oficial del Estado, 1998 [1681]. ISBN 978-84-340-1040-6
  • Tyler, S. Lyman. The Indian Cause in the Spanish Laws of the Indies: With an Introduction and the First English Translation of Book VI, Concerning the Indians, from the Recopilación de leyes de los reinos de las Indias, Madrid, 1681 . Salt Lake City: American West Center, University of Utah, 1980.
  • Tyler, S. Lyman. Spanish Laws Concerning Discoveries, Pacifications, and Settlements among the Indians: With an Introduction and the First English Translation of the New Ordinances of Philip II, July 1573, and of Book IV of the Recopilación de leyes de los reinos de las Indias, Relating to these subjects . Salt Lake City: American West Center, University of Utah, 1980.

Web links

See also