Reichskommissariat Turkestan

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The Reichskommissariat Turkestan (also called Turkestan , abbreviated as RKT) was a planned Reichskommissariat that Germany wanted to create in the Central Asian republics of the Soviet Union during the Second World War during the German-Soviet War . The Soviet historian Lev Bezymenski also mentioned the names Panturkestan, Great Turkestan and Mohammad Empire or Mohammedan Empire. The idea came from the Nazi chief ideologist Alfred Rosenberg . Hitler rejected the plans because the Third Reich's plans for conquest were initially limited to Europe.

background

Rosenberg wanted to include the Turkish and Muslim states of the USSR in Central Asia in the German sphere of influence, since they represented a contradiction in the expansion of Russian. However, he doubted whether Germany would even reach the Far East . He wanted to “de-Russianize” the territories of the Soviet Union and introduce pro-German supremacy. These should be connected to Germany with the broad gauge railway (three-meter rail network) and the Reichsautobahn . These were: Reichskommissariat Ukraine , Reichskommissariat Ostland , Reichskommissariat Caucasia , Reichskommissariat Moskowien .

This proposal was rejected by Hitler and postponed by Rosenberg because German interests were concentrated on the European part of the USSR.

Rosenberg received advice on the Turkestan question from the Uzbek emigrant Veli Kayyun Han, who from August 1942 headed the Berlin-based cooperating Turkestan National Committee, which was sponsored by Rosenberg's Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories .

Territorial expansion

Rosenberg wanted to combine the five Central Asian Soviet republics of the Uzbek SSR , Turkmen SSR , Tajik SSR , Kazakh SSR , and Kyrgyz SSR into the Reich Commissariat. What the population of these states had in common was that they were Muslim . However, the residents of Tajikistan were of Iranian origin and spoke Persian . Muslims were respected to a limited extent by the Nazis. The plans also included integrating the Altai , Tatarstan and Bashkortostan regions into the Reich Commissariat on the basis of their common ethnicity and religion. Some sources also mention the regions of Mari El and Udmurtia , regardless of the ualic origin of the indigenous peoples of these areas.

The eastern border was never clearly defined. In 1941 Japan proposed a border along the 70th degree of longitude, which was the border between the German Empire and the Greater Asian sphere of prosperity. A change moved this border east to China and along the Yenisei in Siberia .