Reichsrayon Law
| Basic data | |
|---|---|
| Title: | Law on the restrictions on property in the vicinity of fortresses |
| Short title: | Reichsrayon Law |
| Type: | Imperial Law |
| Scope: | German Empire |
| Legal matter: | Special administrative law , military service law |
| Issued on: | December 21, 1871 ( RGBl. P. 459) |
| Entry into force on: | January 12, 1872 |
| Expiry: | March 1, 1935 (Section 14 (1) G of January 24, 1935, RGBl. I p. 499, 501) |
| Please note the note on the applicable legal version. | |
The law concerning the restrictions on property in the vicinity of fortresses of December 21, 1871 ( RGBl. P. 459), or Reichsrayon Law for short , was a building control regulation of the German Empire .
The Reichsrayon Law stipulated that plots of land within a certain distance from fortresses could not be built on or only to a limited extent. This regulation was intended to ensure that there was a clear field of fire for the defenders in the run-up to fortress structures and that an approaching enemy could be recognized in good time. Fortresses were surrounded by three different fortress paleons, in which the restrictions decreased with the distance from the fortress.
The owners of the land in question were not expropriated , but received appropriate compensation for the lack of building potential. An appeal to the Reichsrayonkommission was possible against decisions .
The background for the development of the law was on the one hand the experiences from the wars that had been waged in the middle of the 19th century. In the Crimean War of 1854–55 ( Siege of Sevastopol ), in the German-Danish War of 1864 ( Düppeler Schanzen ) and in the Franco-German War of 1870/71 (Sedan, Belfort, Metz) forts still played a major role. On the other hand, the large fortified cities such as Cologne , Koblenz , Magdeburg and Mainz were bursting at the seams due to industrialization . Industry and the population settled directly at the gates of the cities and hindered the usual defense, which provided a clear field of fire and field of vision in front of the fortifications. That is why the military administration in particular pushed for a corresponding regulation in the building regulations. In Prussia there had been statutory rayon regulations since 1828.
Shortly after the law was passed, the reasons for its introduction were outdated. On the one hand, modern artillery was able to fire from far outside the outer rayon. In addition, the firepower was so great that only local bunkers could withstand fire. On the civilian side, the economic pressure for areas near the city was so great that individual fortresses were lifted and their surroundings no longer fell under the Reichsrayon Law. In addition, clever architects developed so-called rayon houses , which were cheap to build and could be dismantled within the clearance times prescribed by law. With the Treaty of Versailles of 1919, which the loops provided for all German fortifications, rayon legislation had become obsolete. The law concerning the entry of German fortresses of August 25, 1924 (RGBl. I p. 693) then inhibited the applicability of the Reichsrayon Law.
During the National Socialist rule , the law on the restriction of property for reasons of Reich defense (protection area law) of January 24, 1935 (RGBl. I p. 499) was enacted, which suspended the Reichsrayon Act but was inspired by it. Unlike this, however, the Protected Areas Act provided for considerable interference and expropriation rights. While the Reichsrayon Law still weighed up military requirements and property rights, the Protected Areas Act of 1935 subordinated the rights of owners to military wishes.
In the West German legal restriction of real estate for military defense and a possible is compensation claim in the scope of law regulated.
Formative systems based on the Reichsrayon Law
Web links
- Feldhahn: The Reichsrayon Law of December 21, 1871 in its meaning for mortgage and land charge creditors according to state and imperial law, in contributions to explain German law. Volume 41 = 6.F. Vol. 1, 1897, pp. 318 - 336, to be found in the digital library of the Max Planck Institute for European Legal History 2010-09-05T15: 29: 20Z (PDF; 7.8 MB)
- Reich Minister Schiffer 1919 on the consequences of the repeal
- Marko Gebert: The end of Cologne fortress in the city and municipality 2012 No. 9
- Information about the rayon houses in Magdeburg
Individual evidence
- ↑ Prussian Ministry of the Interior, War and Justice [Hrsg.]: Regulatory on the procedure for structures or other changes in the surface of the earth within the immediate vicinity of the fortresses from September 10th, 1828 . Published in: Law Collection for the Royal Prussian States. 1828, no. 1163, pp. 120-130. Online version