Toilet training
As cleanliness or toilet training or potty training or potty training is called the attempt toddlers to promote it, the potty or toilet for the bladder and the bowel movement to use. This phase is often preceded by the use of diapers . Bladder or toilet training , on the other hand, describes the attempt to adapt a frequent emptying of the bladder, mostly associated with involuntary urination, to the requirements of everyday life for the first time or in old age.
A prerequisite for successful toilet training is that the toddler has learned to control the bladder and sphincter muscles of the anus . Complete voluntary control of the urinary bladder is only possible from the age of four. After all, by the age of five, 80% of all children are also dry at night.
In Sigmund Freud's view, potty training that is too early or too rigid can lead to “aggressive Es impulses” and cause obsessive-compulsive disorder: “One of the best omen of later weirdness or nervousness is an infant stubbornly refusing to defecate when it is placed on the pot, ie when the carer likes it, but reserves the function to his own liking. "
According to a study of pediatricians of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia ( Children's Hospital of Philadelphia ) an early start toilet training leads not to increased problems such as constipation , stool passage or fear of using the toilet. However, learning to defecate a little earlier is also associated with a much longer learning phase. It could also be shown that an age of 27 months is by no means a milestone for the control of bowel movements.
literature
- Picture book for children: Werner Holzwarth (idea, text) and Wolf Erlbruch (illustrations): About the little mole who wanted to know who hit his head . P. Hammer, 2006, ISBN 3-87294407-X .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ulrike Zach: The development paths of toilet training. A holistic advisor. ( Memento of the original from February 18, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Wassilios E. Fthenakis , Martin R. Textor, Werner Lachenmaier (Eds.): Knaurs Handbuch Familie. Everything Parents Need to Know Knaur, Munich 2004, ISBN 978-3-42666940-2 .
- ↑ Pediatric Urology Innsbruck: Childlike Urinary Incontinence - Modern Diagnostics and Therapy. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Sigmund Freud study edition, Volume V: Drei Abhandlungen zur Sexualtheorie , S 92f; S. Fischer Verlag, 1994.
- ^ Nathan J. Blum, MD, Bruce Taubman, MD and Nicole Nemeth MD: Relationship Between Age at Initiation of Toilet Training and Duration of Training: A Prospective Study. In: Pediatrics. Volume 111, No. 4, 2003, pp. 810-814.
