Remote Battlefield Sensor System

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The Remote Battlefield Sensor System ( REMBASS ) is a sensor complex for the automatic location of movements on the ground. The system is used by the special forces of the US armed forces and gained relative popularity with the computer games of the Ghost Recon series.

history

During the Vietnam War , then President of the United States, John F. Kennedy , suggested the establishment of special forces, including the Green Berets . These units were supposed to fight opponents behind enemy lines using unconventional warfare. In order to record and track troop movements in the rainforest without exposing our own soldiers to danger, a sensor complex was developed for localization. The complex, first known as the Unattended Ground Sensor System (UGSS) , was improved and renamed the Remote Battlefield Sensor System (REMBASS) in 1982 . An improved version of the Improved Remote Battlefield Sensor System (I-REMBASS) was later produced and used. The improved system reduces the size and weight of the components and has expanded planning and computing capacities. All I-REMBASS sensors are compatible with older REMBASS sensors, which is why the name AN ​​/ GSQ-187 has been retained. The most modern version of the AN / GSR-8 REmotely Monitored Battlefield Sensor System (REMBASS II) is now being developed.

commitment

According to Jane's Information Group , I-REMBASS was deployed in 2000 by units of the United States Special Operations Command , light divisions , US military intelligence and friendly governments. Over 6,000 sets have been shipped worldwide to provide site surveillance for long-range reconnaissance, anti- guerrilla warfare and low-intensity conflicts . The sensors are also used in the war against drugs and were or are being used in Bosnia , Kosovo and Afghanistan , among others . The more modern REMBASS II is also to be delivered to the Stryker Brigade Combat Teams .

Location range I-REMBASS:

  • People: 3–50 m
  • Wheeled vehicles: 15–250 m
  • Tracked vehicles: 25–350 m

AN / GSQ-187

The system consists of passive sensors, which can work independently and independently for up to 30 days. Normally they are in an energy-saving mode ; when a target comes within range, a change in the environment is measured, i.e. a change in the seismic, acoustic, infrared or magnetic signature of the terrain: the sensors are activated. The sensors then identify the target object as a person or a wheeled / tracked vehicle . This information is then sent to the operator's monitor programmer (M / P) . The operator can then read off the type and number of targets and their direction of movement and speed and track them in real time. When switched on, a test signal is sent to indicate the status. The filling transmitters periodically send test signals during operation.

Components REMBASS

A sensor complex consists of eight IR and magnetic sensors, 32 seismic / acoustic sensors, eight filling transmitters, a sensor monitoring set , three portable monitoring sets , two code programmers , an antenna group, a power supply unit, a mounting rack and a sensor signal simulator .

  • DT-561 / GSQ : is a hand-laid magnetic sensor. The sensor detects wheeled and tracked vehicles as well as people who are carrying magnetic materials. The sensor reports the number and direction of movement of the objects in relation to their position. The Sensor Monitoring Set uses two different sensors (MAG and IR) to identify objects and determine their direction of movement.
  • DT-562 / GSQ : Is a hand-laid seismic / acoustic sensor. Discovered targets are classified as unknown, as a person, wheeled vehicle or tracked vehicle.
  • DT-565 / GSQ : Is a hand-laid infrared sensor . He discovers vehicles and people. The sensor reports the number and direction of movement of the objects relative to their position. The Sensor Monitoring Set uses two different sensors (IR and MAG) to identify objects and determine their direction of movement.
  • RT-1175 / GSQ : Is a filling transmitter that can also be reused. It extends the transmitter range of the sensors and other filling transmitters. In this way, several can be laid in a chain in order to send data over long distances.
  • AN / GSQ-187 : Called a Sensor Monitoring Set (SMS) . The SMS has a two-channel receiver, a hard disk recorder and a display. It receives, processes and displays the data from up to 60 sensors. Targets are shown as follows: (-) for unknown, (T) for tracked vehicles, (W) for wheeled vehicles and (P) for people. Up to ten target information items can be displayed at the same time. A keyboard allows the operator to program the SMS to set frequencies, program the hard disk recorder, use the built-in test facility , and calculate target speeds.
  • R-2016 / GSQ : Also known as a radio frequency monitor ( device for monitoring radio frequencies ) or portable monitoring set (PMS) . The PMS receives, processes and shows ID codes and target data from sensors on a display.
  • C-10434 / GSQ : Code Programmer. The programmer is a portable device for programming sensors and filling transmitters. Frequency, amplification , ID code, service life and working time can be set. It is also used to configure newly installed fillers and batteries. BITE is in place to ensure that the sensors have been fed the correct information.
  • OE-239 / GSQ : The antenna group can be used by four Sensor Monitoring Sets (SMS) or Portable Monitoring Sets (PMS) at the same time, so that the data of a sensor field can be queried by several teams. The antenna group consists of a mast with an omnidirectional antenna as well as a transmitting and receiving element.
  • PP-8080 / GSQ : The power supply unit converts externally fed energy (24 V DC, 115 V AC or 220 V AC) into 12 V DC. The energy can be used to operate the filling transmitter, SMS or SSS.
  • MT-4825 / GSQ : Transport case to mount filling transmitters in or on helicopters.
  • SM-755 / GSQ : Called Sensor Signal Simulator (SSS) , it looks similar to SMS and has the ability to receive, record, edit, copy and forward an operational scenario; a recorded scenario can also be played back. The SSS allows you to practice in classrooms or in the field without using REMBASS sensors. The operator can track and evaluate the data from the SSS on his PMS or SMS.
  • Batteries : The sensors and the PMS use BA-5589 / U lithium batteries . Fillers , SMS and SSS use BA-5590 / U lithium batteries.

Components I-REMBASS

A set consists of eight infrared and magnetic sensors, 32 seismic / acoustic sensors, eight filling transmitters, three M / P and one AMDS. The M / P and AMDS replace Code Programmer , PMS, SMS and SSS. The I-REMBASS uses graphic representations ( programmed in Ada ) on an MS-DOS based laptop .

  • DT-561 (A) / GSQ : Improved magnetic sensor
  • DT-562 (A) / GSQ : Improved seismic / acoustic sensor
  • DT-565 (A) / GSQ : Improved IR sensor
  • RT-1175 (A) / GSQ : Improved filling transmitter to extend the range of the sensors to an M / P. Can also form a chain.
  • AN / PSQ-7 : Is called a Monitor / Programmer (M / P) . The M / P is a portable, sealed receiver and code programmer . It receives, decodes and shows the information from the sensors and filling transmitters on a display and is also used to program them in order to set frequencies, ID, service life, BITE and working hours. The M / P has a serial interface of the RS-232 type for connecting additional hardware . There is also a charge indicator. The year of troop introduction has not yet been announced.
  • Advanced Monitoring Display System : The AMDS is software; which runs on every personal computer ; which is better than a 486 and has a compact disc read-only drive and Microsoft Windows 95 or NT . This PC is connected to the M / P via the RS-232 and enables the sensor data to be displayed on a tactical map. The AMDS software allows the user to select a map of the observed region, to label the sensors and filling transmitters placed (that means giving them names for better clarity), to collect and display the data and to prepare reports on it. Version 2.0.0 is multi-channel capable and can process data from several M / P as well as upload digital maps according to Defense Mapping Agency standards. Further improvements include data communication using SINCGARS and the ability to monitor up to 64 sensors per channel. This version can be connected to any Windows compatible printer . The year the troops were introduced is still a secret.
  • Batteries : The sensors, filler transmitters and M / P use either BA-5557 / U lithium batteries or AA alkaline manganese batteries or nickel cadmium accumulators . There are battery adapters for this.

AN / GSR-8

The REMBASS II is still under development. The system uses seismic / acoustic sensors (S / A), which can be expanded with magnetic or infrared sensors via plug-in interfaces. The range of the S / A sensors is 75 meters, that of the IR sensors 30 and that of the magnetic sensors three meters. Thanks to the open software architecture , weather sensors, radars such as the AN / PPS-5D Ground Surveillance Radar and NBC weapon detection devices can be connected. The data transmission uses Low Probability of Intercept / Low Probability of detection techniques and extends up to 15 km. With the help of filling transmitters, the range can be increased up to 150 km.

Due to the large range of the sensor complex, L-3 Communications is developing an Air Deliverable Remote Sensor System (ADRSS) . These sensors can be dropped from aircraft. The aircraft can also be used as a relay station for data transmission.

See also

Web links