Residence Adamaua

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Fixed camp Garua, 1902

The Residentur Adamaua (also German Adamaua ) was an administrative area of ​​the German colony Cameroon .

geography

Adamaua and the German Kamerunggebiet on an early colonial map (around 1890)

The residency area initially comprised the area of ​​the German colony of Cameroon, which was formerly under the rule of Amir Fombina, with the exception of the Subamirate Tibaati , Banyo, Gasiga and Konca, which formed the station area of ​​Banyo. The district was bounded in the east by the Franco-German border and in the west by the German-British border. To the north, the border cut through the Mandara Mountains north of Madagali, ran east to roughly the junction of the Tsanaga and turned from there to the southeast, so that the Musgu areas on the left bank of the Logone fell to the residency of the German Tschadseeländer . The Faro formed the border against the Banjo district in large stretches, but the areas south of the Atlantika Mountains with the places Uro-Mali, Dalami and Nassura belonged to the Adamaua residence. In the south the district reached to the upper Sanaga ( Lom ) and followed it to the French border at Kunde.

history

The prerequisite for the establishment of German rule in North Cameroon was the occupation of the Amirate Fombina (Adamaua) with its most important Subamirates in Tibaati, Ngawndere , Garua , Marua , Ray and Banyo by the German protection force in the years 1898 to 1902. With the battle of Miskin -Maroua (January 18 to 21, 1902) between the Schutztruppe under Hans Dominik and the Amir Djubayru and the Ardo Aaamadu Rufaa'i from Marua, German military power had prevailed.

Governor Jesko von Puttkamer favored the establishment of a system of indirect rule based on the English model and thus prevailed at the colonial department of the Foreign Office against the resistance of the military leadership, which aimed at direct control of the area based on the model of the station districts of South Cameroon. General administration, jurisdiction and the executive remained in the hands of the indigenous rulers, who, at least in the larger Subamirates, were replaced by loyal followers from the German administration. The first head of the still provisional administration was Lieutenant Joseph Graf Fugger von Glött , who was murdered in February 1903 by a Pulo, probably from Djubayru's area.

On the occasion of his own trip to northern Cameroon in September and October 1903, Puttkamer issued the first instructions for the administration. The formal establishment of the civil residence took place on September 20, 1903. The resident was expressly prohibited from active administrative activities. However, the reality was often far from that. The residents repeatedly intervened in internal disputes in the Fulbe states and supported the Fulbe rule against the attacks of the Sudan-speaking autochthonous population groups ( Kirdi ) in the retreat areas of the mountainous countries. Against the instructions of the central administration, jurisdiction was often exercised by the resident himself.

In 1909 and 1913, the governors Theodor Seitz and Karl Ebermaier issued new residency instructions that further expanded the powers of the German administration. After the reform under Seitz, new rulers could only be determined with the participation of the resident.

The seat of the residence was Garua , where a permanent camp for the protection force was set up as early as 1902. After the creation of the civil residence, Garua was temporarily without major military protection. It was not until 1906 that it became the location of the 7th Company of the Imperial Protection Force. Secondary posts existed temporarily in Ngaoundéré, Deutsch-Binder, Lere and from 1913/14 in Nassarao, Mubi, Maroua and Lere.

In 1913 the area of ​​the Lamidat Ngawndere was separated from the Residentur and made independent as Residentur Ngaundere . The remaining part of Adamaua was called "Residentur Garua". Plans to merge the residential districts of Garua, German Tschadseeländer, Ngaundere and possibly the district of Ober-Logone in Neukamerun into a provincial association under the leadership of a senior government council, as discussed shortly before the First World War , were no longer implemented. The story of the German residency Adamaua ends in the fighting of the First World War in Cameroon . The 7th Company of the Schutztruppe was able to dig its way into the earth entrenchments near Garua, but the lack of ammunition, exhaustion and numerical inferiority led to occupation by British-French units in 1915.

Residents

Wilhelm Langheld

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ernst Vohsen (Ed.): Negotiations of the German Colonial Congress 1905 in Berlin on October 5th, 6th and 7th, 1905 . Reimer, Berlin 1906, p. 13. ( excerpts from Google books )
  2. ↑ Hans Surén : Battle for Cameroon - Garua. Scherl, Berlin 1934.

literature

  • Florian Hoffmann: Occupation and military administration in Cameroon. Establishment and institutionalization of the colonial monopoly of violence 1891–1914 . Cuvillier, Göttingen 2007 (2 volumes)
  1. [Bulk]. 2007, ISBN 978-3-86727-472-2 .
  2. The imperial protection force and its officer corps . 2007, ISBN 978-3-86727-473-9 .