Rhytididae

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Rhytididae
Powelliphanta augusta, Upper Waimangaroa

Powelliphanta augusta , Upper Waimangaroa

Systematics
Subclass : Orthogastropoda
Superordinate : Heterobranchia
Order : Lung snails (pulmonata)
Subordination : Land snails (Stylommatophora)
Superfamily : Rhytidoidea
Family : Rhytididae
Scientific name
Rhytididae
Pilsbry , 1893

Rhytididae is the name of a family of predatory large snails from the suborder of the land snails (Stylommatophora), which are common in the southern hemisphere .

features

The snail shell of the Rhytididae has a complete spindle and usually a strong, colored periostracum and is clearly sculptured. It is usually so big that the animals can completely withdraw into the housing. An exception is the genus Schizoglossa with the relatively common species Schizoglossa novoseelandica , in which the snail cannot retreat into the small, flattened shell that resembles those of the glass snails and Daudebardia .

The snails have no slime pore, an undivided sole and only a small mantle flap. As with other predatory snails, the radula of the Rhytididae has sharply angled rows of teeth with poorly developed central teeth and single-pointed lateral and marginal teeth. Jaws are missing, which is why the family within the land snail is traditionally counted among the jawless (Agnatha). The lips are formed into lip probes and the genitals are simple and have no appendage organs. The neck part is longer than the tail part.

The simple ( haploid ) number of chromosomes is between 26 and 35.

Some species of snail in this family can live to be 20 years old. Like other lung snails, the Rhytididae are hermaphrodites and fertilize each other as sexual partners. The eggs of the snails are usually laid in leaf litter . They have an oval shape and a calcareous shell, with some species also have a colored cuticle above it.

Distribution and occurrence

The family is common in the tropics and subtropics of South Africa , New Guinea , the South Pacific , Australia, and New Zealand .

In New Zealand, the family is represented with 9 genera, including Delos , Delouagapia , Paryphanta , Powelliphanta , Rhytida , Wainuia and Schizoglossa , which, however, do not form a monophyletic group, as can be seen from the structure of the radula teeth and other morphological differences. In Australia there are 10 and in Austronesia 5 genera. All genera are endemic to their respective region. Some species, including the South African Natalina beyrichi have become rare and are on the Red List of IUCN .

Way of life

The snails of this family consistently live as carnivores , with annelids , especially earthworms , and snails being preferred as prey.

Systematics

The family Rhytididae is counted to the superfamily Rhytidoidea. It is not divided into subfamilies.

The family Rhytididae includes the following genera:

literature

  • FM Climo (1977): A new higher classification of New Zealand Rhytididae (Mollusca: Pulmonata). Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 7, pp. 59-65.
  • PG Parkinson (1979): A consideration of the systematics of the New Zealand Rhytididae (Mollusca: Pulmonata) with a repudiation of the nonsensical 'Ring species' speculation lately indulged in by Dr. Climo . Auckland, Pettifogging Press. 22 p.
  • AWB Powell (1930): The Paryphantidae of New Zealand: their hypothetical ancestry, with descriptions of new species and a new genus . Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum 1, pp. 17-56.
  • AWB Powell (1938): The Paryphantidae of New Zealand No. IV . Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum ii (3), pp. 133-150.
  • AWB Powell (1946): The Paryphantidae of New Zealand. V. Further new species of Paryphanta, Wainuia, and Rhytida . Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum 3, pp. 99-134.
  • Smith BJ 1998: Family Rhytididae . In: Beesley PL, Ross GJB & Wells A. ed. Mollusca: the southern synthesis. Fauna of Australia. Vol. 5. Melbourne, CSIRO Publishing. Pp. 1091-1093.
  • HG Spencera, FJ Brook, M. Kenned (March 2006): Phylogeography of Kauri Snails and their allies from Northland, New Zealand (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Rhytididae: Paryphantinae) . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 38 (3), pp. 835-842. doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2005.10.015
  • MT Te Punga (1953): The Paryphantidae and a Cook Strait land bridge . New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology 35, pp. 51-63.

Web links

Commons : Rhytididae  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b O. von Möllendorff: Agnatha Moerch. Raublungenschnecken , in: O. von Moellendorff and Wilhelm Kobelt: Die Raublungenschnecken (Agnatha). Systematic Conchylia Cabinet by Martini and Chemnitz. Verlag von Bauer and Raspe (Emil Küster), Nuremberg 1905. p. 3.
  2. ↑ GM Barker (2001): Gastropods on Land: Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology , in: GM Barker (Ed.): The biology of terrestrial molluscs . Pp. 1-146, here pp. 139 and 142. CABI Publishing, Oxon (UK), 2001. ISBN 0-85199-318-4
  3. ^ AC O'Connor (1945): Notes on the Eggs of New Zealand Paryphantidae, With Description of a New Subgenus. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 75 (1945-1946), pp. 54-57.
  4. ^ Arthur William Baden Powell : New Zealand Mollusca . William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland 1979. ISBN 0-00-216906-1
  5. Jump up ↑ Murray Efford, Robyn Howitt, Dianne Gleeson (2002): Phylogenetic relationships of Wainuia (Mollusca: Pulmonata) - biogeography and conservation implications. ( Memento of the original from September 6, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rsnz.org archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 32 (3), pp. 445-456. DOI 10.1080 / 03014223.2002.9517703.