Schizoglossa novoseelandica
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Schizoglossa novoseelandica , Rameka Track, Golden Bay |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Schizoglossa novoseelandica | ||||||||||||
| ( Pfeiffer , 1862) |
Schizoglossa novoseelandica is the name of a predatory living snail from the family Rhytididae in the subordination of terrestrial snails (gastropod), which in New Zealand is widespread.
features
Schizoglossa novoseelandica has a small, flat, quite firm, wrinkled and diagonally wrinkled snail shell , which is covered with a strong horn-yellow to light olive-colored periostracum . The adult snail's house has two to two and a half whorls. The case mouth on the underside is broadly egg-shaped. The simple muzzle is surmounted by the periostracum. The slightly thickened edge of the spindle has two cusps. The case is about 11.5 mm long, 8 mm wide and 2.5 mm high. The Protoconch consists of one and a half rapidly increasing whorls.
Behind the shell, which is on the back half of the body, the tail part protrudes a little. The tail end is flat, without a mucous cavity and ends bluntly. The edge of the foot forms a slight flange. Two furrows along the midline from the mantle to the mouth delimit a series of small nodules. Right and left, between this center line and the edge of the foot, two indistinct furrows can be seen from the coat to the lips. Behind these, the surface of the skin is divided into nodules by irregular furrows that meander up and down. The mantle has a smooth edge with 2 small lobes on the underside, of which the right one extends from a little behind the breathing opening forwards to a third of the length of the mantle edge and forms a narrow fold, while the left one is a small, sometimes hardly recognizable rudiment is. The sole of the foot does not have a defined central area. There are two small lip buttons. The snail is reddish brown with black spots and darkest at the top. The coat and sole are ash yellow.
The radula is about 12 mm long and 3 mm wide. The radula sometimes has a rudimentary central tooth in some of its 61 rows of teeth, while the number of posterior teeth on either side is between 24 and 28. While Charles Hedley gave the tooth formula of the radula as 24 + 0 + 24 × 61, according to Robert C. Murdoch it is 26 + 0 + 26 × 61. The innermost 4 teeth are small and thin and then quickly increase in size. The 25th tooth is smaller than the 24th, and the 26th is tiny and can occasionally be missing.
The digestive system of the snail contains a very large chewing apparatus (buccal mass) with powerful muscles. The pharynx , most of the chewing apparatus, is so extensive that it takes up almost the entire length of the intestinal cavity. The esophagus opens into the cavity of the masticatory apparatus from above in its anterior quarter. The stomach consists of a simple elongated sac.
The sexual organs are characterized by a strong reduction in the male parts and the lack of a receptaculum seminis (spermathec). The penis is a short tube and apart from its slightly larger width differs only slightly from the vas deferens , a short tube that is not sharply delimited from the hem. The protein gland is large.
Distribution and occurrence
Schizoglossa novoseelandica novoseelandica is endemic to the North Island of New Zealand . Among the localities of the mountain include Kakepuku in Waikato , Wainuiomata in Wellington , Toko in Stratford , Cape Egmont and reserve Mount Messenger in Taranaki , Bushy Park and Huntersville in Manawatu-Wanganui , Whangarei Heads in Northland , Ohingaiti , Kaimai Range between Waikato and Bay of Plenty , and the area of Mount Tongariro and Lake Taupo .
habitat
Schizoglossa novoseelandica lives in the New Zealand rainforest under rotting wood, but it crawls several meters high in the trees when hunting for prey.
Life cycle
The eggs of Schizoglossa novoseelandica are white, hard-shelled, oval and have a coarse-grained surface. They are about 4 mm to 4.5 mm long and 3 mm to 3.75 mm wide. The snails lay around 6 to 14 eggs in a pile in August, mostly under a thick layer of rotting fern leaves.
nutrition
As a carnivore , Schizoglossa novoseelandica feeds primarily on snails, including Otoconcha dimidiata from the subfamily Otoconchinae in the Charopidae family , and on earthworms , but also cannibalically on conspecifics.
Parasites
1995. Morand and Barker as a parasite in Schizoglossa novoseelandica the nematode schizoglossae Angiostoma .
Initial description
Schizoglossa novoseelandica was first described in 1862 under the name Daudebardia novoseelandica by the German malacologist Ludwig Karl Georg Pfeiffer . The only basis for this was the bowl that the German geologist Ferdinand von Hochstetter had brought to Germany from New Zealand.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Ludwig Karl Georg Pfeiffer (1862): Diagnoses of some land snails from New Zealand. Malakozoologische Blätter 8 , pp. 146-150.
- ^ O. von Möllendorff: Agnatha Moerch. Predator snails. 2. Genus Schizoglossa Alb., S. 9. In: O. von Moellendorff and Wilhelm Kobelt: Die Raublungenschnecken (Agnatha). Systematic Conchylia Cabinet by Martini and Chemnitz. Verlag von Bauer and Raspe (Emil Küster), Nuremberg 1905.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Henry Suter : Manual of the New Zealand Mollusca. Wellington 1913, 1120 pp., Here pp. 785-787. Plate 30 , fig. 16 a, b.
- ^ A b Charles Hedley (March 16, 1893) Schizoglossa: a new genus of carnivorous snails. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 7 (III), pp. 387-392. Linnean Society of New South Wales. Panel IX -X.
- ^ A b Robert C. Murdoch (1894): Notes on the variation and habits of Schizoglossa novoseelandica. Proceedings of the malacological society 1 (3), p. 138.
- ^ Arthur William Baden Powell : New Zealand Mollusca . William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland 1979. ISBN 0-00-216906-1 .
- ↑ Mt Messenger Conservation Area General Description ( Memento November 19, 2009 in the Internet Archive ). Department of Conservation / Te Papa Atawhai.
- ↑ Land Snails from Bushy Park. Department of Conservation / Te Papa Atawhai. Retrieved April 12, 2018.
- ^ Gary M. Barker and Murray G. Efford: Predatory Gastropods as Natural Enemies of Terrestrial Gastropods and Other Invertebrates. In: Gary M. Barker (Ed.): Natural Enemies of Terrestrial Molluscs. CABI, Wallingford (UK) 2004. pp. 279-404, here p. 339.
- ↑ Land Snails from Tongariro / Taupo Conservancy. Department of Conservation / Te Papa Atawhai. Retrieved April 12, 2018.
- ↑ Biosystematics of Rhytididae ( Memento from May 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ). Department of Conservation / Te Papa Atawhai.
- ^ AC O'Connor (1945): Notes on the Eggs of New Zealand Paryphantidae, With Description of a New Subgenus. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 5 (1945-1946), pp. 54-57.
- ↑ S. Morand, GM Barker (1995): Angiostoma schizoglossae n. Sp. (Nematoda: Angiostomatidae) from the New Zealand endemic slug Schizoglossa novoseelandica (Gastropoda: Rhytididae). Journal of Parasitology 81 (1), pp. 94-98 ( abstract ).