Red soapwort

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Red soapwort
Red soapwort (Saponaria ocymoides subsp. Alsinoides) on Corsica

Red soapwort ( Saponaria ocymoides subsp. Alsinoides ) on Corsica

Systematics
Eudicotyledons
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Carnation family (Caryophyllaceae)
Genre : Soap Herbs ( Saponaria )
Type : Red soapwort
Scientific name
Saponaria ocymoides
L.

The red soapwort ( Saponaria ocymoides ) is a plant type , belonging to the carnation plants belongs (Caryophyllaceae). It is also known as small-flowered soapwort or lesser soapwort .

description

The perennial herbaceous plant has prostrate to ascending shoots and often forms lawns. It reaches heights between 10 and 40 centimeters.

The egg-shaped, spatulate leaves are hairy. The leaf blades are 2 to 3 inches long and 0.5 to 1.3 inches wide.

The flowers are loose to tufted at the branch ends. The dark purple crown is 12 to 18 millimeters long and has an approximately 1 millimeter long secondary crown. The sepals are fused into an 8 to 10 millimeter long tube, which is hairy glandular. The capsule fruit becomes 6 to 8 millimeters long and opens with four teeth.

Flowering time is from April to October.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 28.

Red soapwort ( Saponaria ocymoides )
Red soapwort ( Saponaria ocymoides )

Occurrence

The original distribution area includes the mountains of the Iberian Peninsula over Corsica, Sardinia, Apennines to Slovenia and the Alps. It is mostly common in the Alps, but less common in the Northern Alps. In Austria often to scattered in the federal states of Carinthia, Tyrol and Vorarlberg from the colline to subalpine altitude. In North America the species is a neophyte.

Dry slopes, rock debris, river debris, embankments, light forests (especially pine forests) but also walls are preferred as locations. The plant thrives on dry, warm, neutral-mild, mostly low-humus, flexible, fine-earth, limestone or gravel soils. It is a character species of the Ononido-Pinion association, but also occurs in societies of the Stipion calamagrostis or Epilobion fleischeri associations.

Systematics

The species is divided into two subspecies:

  • Saponaria ocymoides subsp. ocymoides - nominate form , as described
  • Saponaria ocymoides subsp. alsinoides (Viv.) Arcangeli - plant slimmer, less flowered and with smaller flowers than the subspecies subsp. ocymoides . Endemic to Corsica as well as Sardinia. Here the subspecies is missing. ocymoides .

history

The red soapwort was listed by Conrad Gessner as a garden plant as early as 1561 due to its grass-like growth , but has remained unnoticed over the centuries. The Austrian pastor Johann Theophil Zetter recommended the plant in 1837 "for decorating rock sections, walls and walls, etc.".

Today it is one of the more common plants in rock gardens and dry stone walls. Through selection there are also several varieties such as “Splendens”, “Rubra Compacta” or “Karminkönigin”.

literature

  • Manfred A. Fischer , Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
  • Oskar Angerer and Thomas Muer: Alpine Plants , Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8001-3374-1
  • Jacques Gamisans and Jean-François Marzocchi: La Flore endémique de la Corse . Aix-en-Provence 2003, ISBN 978-2-85744-777-1
  • Heinz-Dieter Krausch : Kaiserkron and peonies red ... From the discovery and introduction of our garden flowers . Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-423-34412-8

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 371.
  2. ↑ Saponaria in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved September 6, 2017.

Web links

Commons : Red Soapwort  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files