Ruckowitz shafts
The Ruckowitzschachten , also Ruckowitz-Schachten , formerly also Langschachten , is the largest shaft in the Bavarian Forest . It is located in the village of Zwieslerwaldhaus at an altitude of 1030 to 1180 meters on the northwest slope of the Rukowitzberg in the extension area of the Bavarian Forest National Park in the Regen district . Its largest dimension is about 800 meters by 300 meters. It is the only shaft that is entirely on a northern slope.
A forest road divides the shaft into a smaller south-east and a larger north-west part. The center of the north-western part is formed by a flat moor with a spring corridor to the north-west. Mountain ragwort grows there , while there is a population of Hungarian gentian in the south-eastern section .
Surname
According to Georg Priehäußer (1961), the unusual name, occasionally also Rukowitzschachten , is based on a misinterpretation by topographers who are ignorant of dialect. Accordingly, the origin is the name "Ruckawies", which means nothing else than mountain ridge meadow. At the top of the shaft, the naturalist Priehäußer (1894–1974) was honored in September 1975 by setting up a death board .
history
There is news about these shafts as early as 1613, but it was probably used before that, as Bohemian farmers had been raising cattle there for about twenty years. The farmer Lorenz Ayden from Klautzenbach near Zwiesel raised Bavarian forest bulls in 1613, which was also intended to demonstrate the Bavarian claim to this area. Two Lindberg farmers were involved in the first uplift . A forest code of 1616 regulated the use of forest pastures by law. In 1619 the shaft, then called Schachten am Hirschberg , was enlarged. Ayden also built a hut on the Schachten, which was burned down in 1629 by the citizens of Zwiesler, who demonstrated their right to their own grazing district.
When the border was moved south for half a century in 1708, the Klautzenbachers had to pay grazing fees to both Bavaria and Bohemia. In 1831 the Ruckowitzschachten had an area of 30 hectares. Around 1950 the shaft had a park-like character due to the high population of old trees. In 1954 it was placed under nature protection together with the Ruckowitz slopes. Grazing ended in 1962. In autumn 1974, 79 spruce trees , 52 sycamore maples and 24 beeches were counted. At that time the Ruckowitzschachten was 16.9 hectares in size. The most picturesque sycamore maple, often photographed with the Great Arber in the background, collapsed in 1980 when a fire broke out inside its rotten interior. On the shaft there are still numerous, but mostly very old, former willow trees, some of which are covered with tree sponges. Young trees grew on the fenced-in test areas. In 1984 the Ruckowitzschachten had an area of 22 hectares. In 1997 he came to this with the expansion of the Bavarian Forest National Park.
The Ruckowitzschachten has been grazed again on a trial basis since 2014, as the national park administration regards grazing as closer to nature than cutting out the bushes necessary to preserve the shaft.
literature
- Georg Priehäußer: Heimatbuch der Waldstadt Zwiesel and the Zwieseler Winkel , Vol. II, Heimat-Natur, Zwiesel
- Ingeborg Seyfert: The shafts of the Bavarian Forest , Morsak Verlag, Grafenau, 1975, ISBN 3-87553-058-6
- Walther Zeitler , Konrad Jäger, Reinhold Weinberger: Pearls in the forest sea. Shafts and raised bogs in the Bavarian Forest , Neue Presse Verlags-GmbH, Passau, 2nd edition 1995, ISBN 3-924484-65-1
- Alois Hofmann: Magerrasen in the rear Bavarian Forest , in: Hoppea, Memoranda of the Regensburg Botanical Society, Vol. 44, Regensburg 1985, pp. 85–177
Coordinates: 49 ° 6 '8.3 " N , 13 ° 16'27.5" E