SS-N-12 sandbox
| SS-N-12 sandbox | |
|---|---|
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| General Information | |
| Type | Anti-ship missile |
| Local name | 4K80, P-500 Basalt, P-1000 Wulkan |
| NATO designation | SS-N-12 sandbox |
| Country of origin |
.svg){kind=small} Soviet Union / Russia
|
| Manufacturer | OKB-52 Chelomei |
| development | 1963 |
| Commissioning | 1975 |
| Working time | in service |
| Technical specifications | |
| length | 11.70 m |
| diameter | 884 mm |
| Combat weight | 4,800 kg |
| span | 2,600 mm |
| Drive First stage Second stage |
2 solid fuel boosters 1 Turbojet KR-17-300 |
| speed |
P-500 : Mach 2.6 P-1000 : Mach over 3 |
| Range |
P-500 : 550 km P-1000 : 700 km |
| Furnishing | |
| steering | Inertial navigation system , data link |
| Target location | Active or passive radar target search |
| Warhead |
P-500 : 1,000 kg shaped charge or nuclear warhead 350 kt P-1000 : 500 kg highly explosive, armor-piercing with fire effect |
| Detonator | Radar proximity fuse, impact fuse |
| Weapon platforms | Ships and submarines |
| Lists on the subject | |
SS-N-12 Sandbox is the NATO code for a sea-based anti-ship guided missile from Soviet production. The system designation in the Russian armed forces is P-500 Basalt and P-1000 Wulkan . The GRAU index is 4K80 .
development
The P-500 Basalt was developed as the successor system to the SS-N-3 Shaddock . Compared to the SS-N-3, the new missile should have a higher airspeed and improved survivability. The new guided missile was designed to combat strategic sea targets such as aircraft carriers , cruisers and amphibious assault ships . The naval command required a guided missile with a range of at least 500 km so that it could be launched outside of the operational radius of the carrier aircraft of that time. The development in the design office OKB-52 Tschelomei (later NPO Maschinostrojenija ) began in 1963. The design of the SS-N-12 is based on the P-6 / P-35 Progress . The development version was called P-350 Basalt (4K77). Due to various difficulties and because this version did not achieve the required range of 500 km, the project was canceled. Based on this design, the P-500 Basalt (4K80) was created. The first attempts to start were made in 1969. After further modifications, the system was introduced to the Soviet Navy in 1975 . The P-500 was named SS-N-12 Sandbox mod 1 by NATO . The development of the second serial version P-1000 Wulkan began in 1979. Compared to the previous model, the P-1000 has a new seeker head, new electronics, an improved engine and components made of titanium . It was finally introduced to the Soviet naval forces in 1987 and was given the name SS-N-12 Sandbox mod 2 by NATO . The following units were equipped with the SS-N-12:
- Aircraft carriers of the Kiev-class aircraft carrier with eight or twelve missiles ( Baku ) plus eight in reserve
- Kreuzer of the Slava-class cruiser with 16 missiles
- Submarines the Echo-II class , each with six missiles
- Submarines Juliett class with four missiles
technology
The SS-N-12 is primarily used to combat ship targets. Land targets can also be fought in a secondary role. The SS-N-12 can be launched from ships and submarines. The submarines must appear for the guided missile launch. The guided weapons are housed in cylindrical containers and are fired directly from them. Before starting ignites the KR-17-300 - Turbojet -Marschtriebwerk. It reaches its maximum static thrust within 20–30 seconds. Then two transport 4L44 - rocket booster the missile from the container. Immediately after leaving the starting container, the wings unfold. After 2-3 seconds, the rocket boosters will burn out and be dropped. Then the rocket flies on with the cruise engine and adopts the preprogrammed flight path. The volley start can be carried out at intervals of at least 8 seconds. The basic version P-500 flies at a cruising altitude of 5 km, with a speed of 830 m / s (around Mach 2.6). In the modernized version P-1000 Wulkan, the cruising altitude has been increased from 5 to 7 km, which increases the flight speed to around 1000 m / s. When flying low, the P-500 reaches a speed of around Mach 2 (660–680 m / s). The P-500 Basalt weapon complex includes a complex fire control system for combating a carrier group or a naval war unit . The fire control system was equipped with a software package to control and coordinate a rocket volley from eight guided missiles against a ship formation. Before the rocket is launched, the approximate position and course of the targets must be recorded in the fire control system. These are determined from the launch platform using sonar , radar or ELINT . Likewise, the target data can also come from Tu-95R-Bear-D or Ka-25-Hormone-B education platforms. The P-1000 complex also has the Legenda aiming system. This also can satellite data (eg. As of RORSAT ) are received. Four missiles are programmed on the primary target (aircraft carrier) while the other four missiles are programmed on other ships in the formation. The eight guided missiles are launched in a short series. After the start, a predetermined guided missile takes the lead. While the seven other guided missiles remain in low flight at an altitude of 100 m, the guided missile rises to an altitude of 4,000–7,000 m in order to increase its range. The cruise flight into the target area takes place autonomously with the help of the inertial navigation platform , with the guided missiles flying in a preprogrammed formation. A radar altimeter ensures the necessary safety distance between the guided weapons and the sea surface. Updated target data can be sent from the launch platform to the missile using a data link . During the cruise flight, the guided missile uses the on-board passive radar search head to determine target data about the current position of the targets. If the guided weapon salvo arrives in the previously calculated target area, the guided missile activates the on-board active radar seeker. This is only switched on for short time intervals. The determined target data are sent via data link to the remaining missiles in the salvo and to the launch platform. The other missiles continue to maintain their low approach vector to prevent early detection and countermeasures. If the guided missile is destroyed, its role can be assigned to another. When approaching a target, all guided missiles activate their own radar seeker and fly arbitrary evasive maneuvers. In addition, the on-board active electronic 4B89 jamming system is activated to disrupt the ships' missile defense systems. As soon as the primary target of a carrier group is destroyed, the remaining missiles in the volley attack the other ships in the carrier group. To protect against close-range defense systems (e.g. CIWS ), the fuselage of the SS-N-12 is armored. The guided missile was designed to sink a large warship with a single hit or at least render it inoperable. With the nuclear variant, an entire fleet can be destroyed in one fell swoop.
variants
- P-350 Basalt: (4K77) initial version, prototype only; Range 350-480 km
- P-500 Basalt: (4K80) 1st series version; Range 550 km, cruising speed Mach 2.6
- P-1000 Wulkan: (3M70) 2nd production version with new seeker head, new rocket booster, new electronics and titanium armor; Range 700 km, cruising speed Mach 3.2
status
At the moment the SS-N-12 is still in service on the cruisers of the Slava class . The SS-N-12 was never exported.
Web links
- Russian / Soviet Sea-based Anti-Ship Missiles DTIG, November 2005
- www.testpilot.ru (pictures)
- fas.org
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Russian / Soviet Sea-based Anti-Ship Missiles DTIG, Nov, 2005, accessed: August 12, 2015 (English)
- ^ Duncan Lennox: Jane's Strategic Weapon Systems. Jane's Information Group , 2005, ISBN 0-710-60880-2 .
- ↑ arms-expo.ru ( Memento of the original from March 31, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Accessed: March 27, 2014 (Russian)
- ^ Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships. 1947-1995. US Naval Institute Press, ISBN 1-55750-132-7 .
- ↑ rbase.new-factoria.ru , accessed: March 27, 2014 (Russian)
- ↑ navy.ru ( Memento of the original from November 9, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Accessed: March 27, 2014 (Russian)
- ↑ militaryrussia.ru , accessed: March 27, 2014 (Russian)
