Sabiren

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The Sabirs were a people of late antiquity who settled in the Caspian Depression before the arrival of the Avars . They were probably of Turkish origin, although their name is perhaps derived from sap ("to wander") and is probably related to the toponym Siberia . In the sources they are often mentioned in connection with the Huns .

In the northern Black Sea region around 500 Sabiren , Saragurs and Onogurs settled . The Sabirs had come from the east into the territory of the Ogurs and the other tribes, apparently because they had to give way to the pressure of the Rouran (or the Avars). These movements took place in the second half of the 5th century (around 463) and were recorded by the Eastern Roman historian Priskos .

The Sabirs were partly allied with the Persian Sassanids , but more often with the Eastern Romans. In the middle of the 6th century, the Sabirs probably lived north of the Caucasus, where they had fled from the Avars. They invaded Armenia in 515 and 548 . At that time, their empire extended to areas between the Caspian Sea and Kuban as far as the Kolkians and as far as the vicinity of the Darial Pass . The Avars themselves moved from their homeland to the west around the year 552, where they first passed through the Caucasus and then met the Sabirs on the Black Sea. The Sabirs were defeated, with the Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian I allied with the Avars; however, the remaining Sabirian kingdom in the Caucasus continued to exist for a few years. The Sabirs then disappeared from the Eastern Roman historical records. In Armenian and Arabic sources, however, Sevordik and Savardija are mentioned, which are likely to be identical with the Sabirs . Presumably their remains went up in the empire of the Khazars .

literature

  • Mark Dickens: Sabirs. In: The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity . Volume 2 (2018), p. 1316.
  • Walter Pohl : The Avars. A steppe people in Central Europe 567–822 AD. 2nd edition. Beck, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-406-48969-9 , p. 24ff.
  • Denis Sinor: The Hun Period. In: Denis Sinor (ed.): The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1990, pp. 177ff.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Mark Dickens: Sabirs. In: The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity . Volume 2 (2018), p. 1316.
  2. ↑ Denis Sinor: The Hun Period. In: Denis Sinor (ed.): The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia. Cambridge 1990, p. 177ff., Here p. 200.
  3. ↑ Walter Pohl: The Avars. 2nd Edition. Munich 2002, p. 24; Denis Sinor: The Hun Period. In: Denis Sinor (ed.): The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia. Cambridge 1990, p. 177ff., Here p. 206.
  4. ↑ Walter Pohl: The Avars. 2nd Edition. Munich 2002, p. 39.
  5. ↑ Cf. Gyula Moravcsik: Byzantinoturcica I. Berlin 1958, p. 68.
  6. ↑ Mark Dickens: Sabirs. In: The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity. Volume 2 (2018), p. 1316.