Salname
The Salname ( Ottoman سالنامه İA sālnāme , Turkish salname ; from Persian سال sāl , 'year' and nāme /نامه / 'Writing, book') is a term used by the Ottoman-Turkish administration and referred to the official yearbooks of the government, the provincial authorities and some civil and military institutions. The Salname first appeared in 1847. The last Salname appeared in 1918. The publication of Salnames ended with the fall of the Ottoman Empire .
content
Salname s contain an overview of the year and provide information on Ottoman history in the form of historical information about the Ottoman dynasty , travel plans, Defter , information on the budget, etc. They provide detailed information about state officials, administrative organizations, toponomy, communications, laws and regulations. In addition, Salname s provide information on the population of the Ottoman Empire up to the level of a Kaza (judicial district), information on migration , number of households, number of births and deaths in cities, population figures according to millets , the area and size of cities and also Villages.
The quality and depth of the information varies depending on the geographic location of the institution that publishes a Salname . The Salname s are generally considered to be very reliable.
The first Salname s were humble brochures. From 1888 the archives authority ( Sicill-i Ahval-i Me'murun İdaresi ) took over the task of creating government salnames , after which their scope and quality increased. The first provincial Salname s appeared in the Vilâyets Saraybosna (1866), Haleb , Konya , Syria, Tuna (Danube) . Some provincial yearbooks appeared with Greek, Arabic or Bosnian translations.
The government saw them as a tool to demonstrate the progress of the Ottoman state. In addition, the yearbooks were intended to increase competition between the authorities.
Post-history
After the proclamation of the republic in 1923, Turkey tried to revive the Salname tradition from 1925 onwards . Between 1925 and 1928 three volumes of the yearbook appeared under the title Türkiye Cumhūriyeti Devlet Sālnāmesi /تركيه جمهوريتى دولت سالنامه سى( State Yearbook of the Turkish Republic ). After the introduction of the Latin alphabet, a final volume was published under the title Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Yıllığı for 1928/1929.
Other connecting attempts there were in the years 1967 and 1973, in which provincial yearbooks entitled İl Yıllıkları ( province yearbooks have been published).
literature
- Hasan Duman: Ottoman year-books. Istanbul 1982.
- M. Hartmann: The first yearbook of the spiritual authorities of the Ottoman Empire. In: The world of Islam. 1916/1917, pp. 26-32.
- Justin A. McCarthy , J. Dennis Hyde: Ottoman imperial and provincial Salnames. In: International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. 1978.
- Carter Vaughn Findley: Ottoman civil officialdom. A social history. Princeton 1989.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Klaus Kreiser : Sal-name . In: Encyclopaedia of Islam
- ↑ M. Sabri Koz: Adana Vilayeti Salnamelerinde Yatırlar, Ziyaretler (PDF; 655 kB), p. 471.