Solomon ibn Verga

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Solomon ibn Verga ( Hebrew : שלמה אבן וירגה) (* second half of the 15th century in Spain ; † first quarter of the 16th century in Flanders ) was a Spanish-Portuguese doctor, poet and historian. He is the author of the Shevet Yehuda .

Life

Ibn Verga's family claims to come from Seville and later moved to Castile , where Solomon ibn Verga held a high office in the Spanish Jewish communities. In 1489 he collected money on their behalf in order to redeem the Jews captured during the conquest of Malaga . After the expulsion edict of the Spanish kings , he fled to Portugal in 1492 and settled in Lisbon . On the occasion of the forced conversion under Manuel I , Ibn Vergas converted to Christianity in 1497. When the New Christians were allowed to emigrate in 1506, he left Portugal for the directionOttoman Empire . He probably died in Flanders at the start of his journey.

Shevet Yehuda

The only work he has survived is the "Shevet Jehuda" (rod / scepter / tribe of Judas). The book was written at the beginning of the 16th century and contains 64 paragraphs depicting the persecution of Jews from the time of the Romans to the present. The reports are partly historical and based on older historiography and partly fabulous and fictitious. Despite its often ahistorical character, the book was for a long time an important source for the persecutions and expulsions in the diaspora .

Solomon ibn Verga apparently ascribed his work pseudepigraphically to his relative Jehuda ibn Verga and only claims to have supplemented it himself. His son Josef ibn Verga later continued the work.

The book was published in 1554 in Adrianopolis, Turkey (today Edirne ). A German edition by Meir Wiener appeared in 1856. The number of new editions and translations proves the popularity and widespread use of the font.

Expenses (selection)
  • First printing Adrianople 1554 (Hebrew)
  • Hebrew
    • Prague 1609
    • Amsterdam 1638, 1655, 1709,1729
    • Zolkow 1802, 1804, 1807, 1809
    • Lemberg 1836, 1846, 1874, 1856, 1863, 1864, 1866, 1870, 1874,
    • Jerusalem 1940, 1946, 1947, 1955, 1922
  • Yiddish
    • Krakow 1591
    • Amsterdam 1648, 1700
    • Sulzbach 1670, 1700
    • Vilnius 1899, 1900, 1901, 1904, 1910, 1913, 1930
  • Spanish
    • Amsterdam 1640, 1706, 1744 (Vara de Iuda)
    • Granada 1925
    • Barcelona 1991 (La vara de Yehudah)
  • Latin
    • Amsterdam 1651, 1654, 1680 (Tribus Judae)
  • German
    • The book of Shevet Jehuda. Translated from Hebrew into German by M. Wiener . Hanover 1856. (reprinted 1924)
    • Shevet Yehuda. A book about the suffering of the Jewish people in exile. In the translation by Me'ir Wiener. Edited, introduced and provided with an afterword for the interpretation of history of Solomon Ibn Vergas by Sina Rauschenbach . (With an overview of the editions) Berlin 2006. ISBN 978-3-937262-34-5

literature

  • Marianne Awerbuch : Between Hope and Reason. Interpretation of the history of the Jews in Spain before the expulsion using the example of Abravanels and Ibn Vergas (studies on the Jewish people and Christian community 6). Berlin 1985.
  • Yitzhak (Fritz) Baer : Studies on sources and composition of the Schebet Jehuda. Berlin 1923.
  • Yosef Hayim Yerushalmi : The Lisbon Massacre of 1506 and the Royal Image in the Shebet Yehudah . Cincinnati 1976.
  • Yakov David Abramsky: Al mehuto we-tochno schel "Schevet Jehuda": Diokan schel sefer . Jerusalem 1942.
  • Azriel Shochat:  Ibn Verga, Solomon. In: Encyclopaedia Judaica . 2nd Edition. Volume 9, Detroit / New York a. a. 2007, ISBN 978-0-02-865937-4 , pp. 695-696 (English).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cf. Rauschenbach: Schevet Jehuda. Introduction . 2006. p. 6f
  2. ^ Overview in Rauschenbach 2006, pp. 259–261.
personal data
SURNAME Solomon ibn Verga
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ibn Verga, Solomon
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Spanish-Jewish chronicler
DATE OF BIRTH between 1450 and 1500
DATE OF DEATH between 1500 and 1525