Scraper cover

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Picture of a Polish Jew with a sliding cover from: Newly opened World Galleria, Wherein […] all kinds of dress and clothes from different classes and nations. The person pictured wears clothing from both Poland and Germany.

The Schabbesdeckel (from Yiddish Shabbe's Sabbath ) was a type of beret that was worn by Jewish men in the 17th and 18th centuries for worship in the synagogue on the Sabbath and high holidays. In the official language that headgear was as wide cap or width hood called.

The hat is derived from the 17th century Barrett. It is made of cloth or felt and has the shape of a sweeping beret. The characteristic flat, rigid shape, which led to the name lid, was achieved by an internal metal ring.

This headgear was considered part of the Sabbath garb of honorable housefathers. In Frankfurt , the city authorities forbade Jews to wear the scraper cover outside the Judengasse and replaced it with a slouch hat. In the Mannheim Lemle Moses Klaus , students were required to wear a coat and a wide bonnet as synagogue clothing. The scraping lid was seen as a specific clothing for visiting synagogues. In the end, this headgear was only worn by those who were called to the Torah.

In the course of the 19th century the headgear fell out of use. It was replaced by normal hats or the kippa .

Word and subject were well known in the Christian context. The word has passed into some German dialects . There, it called after the cap has fallen into disuse, general formal hat, wear the Jewish on the Sabbath, especially the cylinder , which was popular in Reform Judaism. In addition, the word had various connotations such as Sunday hat, top hat, or old, shabby hat.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Andreas Gotzmann: Jewish autonomy in the early modern times; Law and Community in German Judaism . Wallstein, Göttingen 2008, ISBN 978-3-406-42022-1 , p. 803 .
  2. ↑ Monika Preuss: Scholars Jews: Learning as an ideal of piety in the early modern period . Wallstein, 2007, p. 67 .
  3. ^ Alfred Klepsch: West Yiddish Dictionary: On the basis of dialectological surveys in Middle Franconia . tape 1 . Max Niemeyer, Tübingen 2004, ISBN 3-484-73060-9 , p. 1212 .
  4. ↑ S. Adler: The bare head, an expert opinion . In: Jewish journal for science and life . tape 3 , no. 2, 1864/65 , p. 189–196 ( uni-frankfurt.de ).
  5. ↑ Christoph Daxelmüller: The dilemma of the "signalments" - sources on pre-industrial material culture as reflected in reception research . In: Folk Culture - History - Region: Festschrift for Wolfgang Brückner on his 60th birthday . Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1990, p. 88-110 .
  6. ↑ Heidi Stern: Dictionary of Yiddish loan vocabulary in German dialects . S. 174 .

literature

  • Hans Peter Althaus: Chutzpah, Schmus & Tacheles: Yiddish word stories . Beck, Munich 2015, p. 39-40 .
  • Viktor Kurrein: The symbolism of the body in ritual customs . In: Communications on Jewish Folklore . tape 31./32. , 1929, p. 20-39 , JSTOR : 41459675 .