Shovel beetle
| Shovel beetle | ||||||||||||
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Shovel beetle Prostomis mandibularis |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Prostomis mandibularis | ||||||||||||
| ( Fabricius , 1801) |
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| Fig. 2 underside | Fig. 4 front view |
The bucket beetle or detail shovel beetle , also large tooth-beetle called ( Prostomis mandibular ) is a beetle from the small family Prostomidae . The genus Prostomis includes 28 species worldwide , of which only Prostomis mandibularis can be found in Europe.
In the Red List of Threatened Species in Germany, the species is listed under Category 1 (threatened with extinction).
Notes on the name
The name flat beetle is used for the beetles of the Cucujidae family, which are usually very flat and to which the flat beetle was previously included.
The species was first described by Fabricius in 1801 under the name Trogosita mandibularis . Fabricius begins his brief description with Trogosita mandibulis porrectis ... ( Latin: a trogosita with an extended upper jaw ...). The species name mandibularis means that the construction of the two upper jaws (mandibles) shows peculiarities that distinguish the beetle from others. In this beetle, the mandibles are stretched far forward and arched, which is what gave the animal the German part of the name Schaufel . The large tooth part of the name can be traced back to another special feature of the body structure. The cheeks are elongated at the front on both sides of the chin to form a tusk-like outgrowth that curves under the upper jaw (Fig. 5, right, tinted green).
The extraordinary size of the upper jaw together with other properties prompted Latreille in 1829 to remove the species with this property from the genus Trogosita and to place them in the new genus Prostomis . Today the genus is assigned to its own family Prostomidae. The generic name Prostomis is from Altgr. πρó "pro" for "forward" and στόμα "stoma" for "mouth" derived and says that the upper jaw protrudes forward.
Physique of the beetle
The flat beetle has roughly parallel sides that only slowly approach towards the rear. It is one color, glossy yellow-brown and becomes five to six millimeters long.
The head, stretched forward in the direction of the body axis, is flat and, without the upper jaw, wider than it is long, and also wider than the rest of the body. It is furrowed across the top. It is fine and sparsely dotted . The upper jaws are more densely punctured and slightly longer than the head. They lie next to each other and complement each other to form an oval bowl. Along the straight inner edge they are serrated like a saw. The upper lip is small and rounded in front. The jaw buttons (Fig. 5, tinted blue on the right) are four-part and the lip buttons are three-part. Its end link is elongated, pointed, the tip trimmed. The small eyes are protruding. The eleven-jointed antennae are elongated and hairy and end in a weak three-jointed club. They do not reach the rear edge of the pronotum. The monstrous ventral extensions of the head are curved like a lyre (Fig. 5, right tinted green). Significant sex differences cannot be ascertained, the biological significance of the processes is unknown.
The red-brown pronotum is almost square, its sides are not canted. He has a weak central furrow. The puncturing corresponds to that of the head.
The elytra are bald and have rows of dots. They are slightly wider at the base than the pronotum and gradually narrower towards the back. A humeral fold that tapers backwards arises on the shoulder.
The legs are oriented laterally, the front and middle hips are widely separated. The tarsi are all four-part.
Way of life
The species is a jungle relic. It develops in rot-rotten wood, mainly oak and other hardwoods , less often in coniferous wood in the trunk area or in stumps. The beetles often stay between fungus-infected annual rings. They can be found in primeval forests or their remains.
distribution
The species is widespread in the Palearctic and Nearctic .
literature
- Heinz joy, Karl Wilhelm Harde, Gustav Adolf Lohse (ed.): The beetles of Central Europe . tape 7 . Clavicornia. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich 1967, ISBN 3-8274-0681-1 . P. 103
- Klaus Koch : The Beetles of Central Europe Ecology . 1st edition. tape 2 . Goecke & Evers, Krefeld 1989, ISBN 3-87263-040-7 . P. 177
- Gustav Jäger (Ed.): CG Calwer’s Käferbuch . K. Thienemanns, Stuttgart 1876, 3rd edition p. 222
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Prostomis mandibularis in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved November 28, 2013
- ↑ Prostomis at BioLib
- ^ Prostomis in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved November 28, 2013
- ↑ Red lists at BioNetworkX
- ↑ J.Ch.Fabricius: Systema Eleutheratorum . 1. Vol Kiel 1801 . At Google, on page 155 as No. 26 of the genus Trogosita
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (species)
- ↑ Cuvier, Latreille: Le règne animal distribué d'après son organization, pour servir de base à l'histoire naturelle des animaux Tome 5 Paris 1829 at BHL p. 100
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (genus)
- ↑ Wolfgang Schawaller: The Genus Prostomis (Coleoptera: Prostomidae) in Australia and Adjacent Regions Stuttgart Contributions to Natural History, Ser.A No. 489. Stuttgart, April 15, 1993 at BHL behind p. 56
